Rotta balcanica: i sogni spezzati nella Drina
►https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Bosnia-Erzegovina/Rotta-balcanica-i-sogni-spezzati-nella-Drina-229948
Nelle acque del fiume Drina, in Bosnia Erzegovina, decine di migranti sono morti nel tentativo di avvicinarsi al sogno di una vita migliore in quell’Europa che li respinge. Volontari del Soccorso alpino di Bijeljina e attivisti sono impegnati nel difficile recupero dei corpi
Rotta balcanica : i sogni spezzati nella Drina
Nelle acque del fiume Drina, in Bosnia Erzegovina, decine di migranti sono morti nel tentativo di avvicinarsi al sogno di una vita migliore in quell’Europa che li respinge. Volontari del Soccorso alpino di Bijeljina e attivisti sono impegnati nel difficile recupero dei corpi.
“Finora non mi è mai capitato di sognare uno dei corpi ritrovati, non ho mai avuto incubi. Proprio mai. Credo sia una questione di approccio. Soltanto chi non ha la coscienza pulita fa incubi”, afferma Nenad Jovanović, 37 anni, membro della squadra del Soccorso alpino di Bijeljina.
Negli ultimi sei anni, Jovanović ha partecipato alle operazioni di recupero di oltre cinquanta corpi di migranti nell’area che si estende dal villaggio di Branjevo alla foce del fiume Drina [nella Bosnia orientale], tutti di età inferiore ai quarant’anni, annegati nel tentativo di entrare in Bosnia Erzegovina dalla Serbia, per poi proseguire il loro viaggio verso altri paesi europei, in cerca di un posto sicuro per sé e per i propri familiari.
“Ogni volta che scoppia un nuovo conflitto in Medio Oriente, in Afghanistan, Iraq o altrove, assistiamo ad un aumento degli arrivi di migranti in cerca di salvezza nei paesi dell’Unione europea. Purtroppo, per alcuni di loro la Drina si rivela un ostacolo insormontabile. Il loro è un destino doloroso che può capitare a chiunque”, spiega Nenad Jovanović.
Durante le operazioni di recupero dei corpi, Jovanović più volte è stato costretto a gettarsi nel fiume in piena, rischiando la propria vita.
“Recentemente abbiamo recuperato il corpo di un uomo proveniente dall’Afghanistan. Era in acqua da circa un anno. I pescatori che per primi lo avevano notato non erano nemmeno sicuri che si trattasse di un corpo umano. Potete immaginare lo stato in cui si trovava”, afferma Jovanović.
Un suo collega, Miroslav Vujanović, si sofferma sull’aspetto umano del lavoro del soccorritore. “A prescindere dallo stato di decomposizione, cerchiamo in tutti in modi possibili di recuperare il corpo nelle condizioni in cui lo troviamo. Nulla deve essere perso, nemmeno i vestiti. Perché siamo tutti esseri umani. Nel momento del recupero di un corpo magari non pensi alla sua identità, cerchi di fare il tuo lavoro in modo professionale e basta. Poi però quando torni a casa e vedi tua moglie e i figli, inizi a chiederti chi fosse quell’uomo e se anche lui avesse una famiglia. È del tutto normale riflettere su queste cose. Sono però pensieri intimi, che tendiamo a tenere dentro”.
I volontari del Soccorso alpino di Bijeljina hanno partecipato anche alle operazioni di ricerca e assistenza alle popolazioni colpite dal terremoto nella regione di Banovina (in Croazia) nel 2020 e alle vittime del terremoto che l’anno scorso ha devastato la Turchia. In tutte queste operazioni sono stati costretti ad utilizzare le attrezzature prese in prestito o noleggiate, perché le autorità locali non rispettano gli accordi di cooperazione stipulati con altri paesi. Del resto, la Bosnia Erzegovina è il paese delle assurdità. Lo confermano anche i nostri interlocutori, aggiungendo che a volte si sentono incompresi anche dai loro familiari.
“Mia moglie spesso si chiede come io possa fare questo lavoro. Oppure invito ospiti a casa per la celebrazione del santo della famiglia, e proprio quando stiamo per tagliare il pane tradizionale, mi chiama la polizia dicendo di aver trovato un cadavere nella Drina. Quindi, mi scuso con gli ospiti, chiedo loro di rimanere e vado a fare il mio lavoro. Non è un lavoro facile, ma per me la più grande soddisfazione è sapere che quel corpo recuperato sarà sepolto degnamente e che la famiglia della vittima, straziata dalla sofferenza, finalmente troverà pace”, spiega Nenad Jovanović.
Recentemente, Jovanović, insieme ai suoi colleghi Miroslav Vujanović e Safet Omerbegić, ha partecipato ad una cerimonia di commemorazione in memoria dei migranti scomparsi e morti ai confini d’Europa. In quell’occasione sono state inaugurate le lapidi delle tombe dei sedici migranti sepolti nel nuovo cimitero di Bijeljina, situato nel quartiere di Hase. Trattandosi di corpi non identificati, ciascuna delle lastre in marmo nero reca incise, a caratteri dorati, la sigla N.N e l’anno della morte.
Nel cimitero è stato piantato anche un filare di alberi in memoria delle vittime e sono state collocate due targhe commemorative con la scritta: “Non dimenticheremo mai voi e i vostri sogni spezzati nella Drina”. L’iniziativa è stata realizzata grazie al sostegno dell’associazione austriaca «SOS Balkanroute» e di Nihad Suljić, attivista di Tuzla, che da anni fornisce assistenza concreta ai rifugiati e partecipa alle procedure di identificazione e sepoltura dei morti.
“Per noi è un grande onore e privilegio sostenere simili progetti. Si tratta di un’iniziativa pionieristica che può fungere da modello per l’intera regione. Per quanto possa sembrare paradossale, siamo contenti che queste persone, a differenza di tante altre, abbiano almeno una tomba. Abbiamo voluto che le loro tombe fossero dignitose e che non venissero lasciate al degrado, come accaduto recentemente a Zvornik”, sottolinea Petar Rosandić dell’associazione SOS Balkanroute.
Rosandić spiega che la sistemazione delle tombe dei migranti nei cimiteri di Bijeljina e Zvornik è frutto di un’iniziativa di cooperazione transfrontaliera a cui hanno partecipato anche le comunità religiose di Vienna. Queste comunità, che durante la Seconda guerra mondiale erano impegnate nel salvataggio degli ebrei, oggi partecipano a diversi progetti a sostegno dei migranti lungo le frontiere esterne dell’UE.
“Sulle lastre c’è scritto che si tratta di persone non identificate, ma noi sappiano che in ogni tomba giace il corpo di un giovane uomo i cui sogni si sono spezzati nella Drina. Ognuno di loro aveva una famiglia, un passato, i propri desideri e le proprie aspirazioni. Il loro unico peccato, secondo gli standard europei, era quello di avere un passaporto sbagliato, quindi sono stati costretti a intraprendere strade pericolose per raggiungere i luoghi dove speravano di trovare serenità e un futuro migliore”, afferma l’attivista Nihad Suljić.
Suljić poi spiega che nel prossimo periodo i ricercatori e gli attivisti si impegneranno al massimo per instaurare una collaborazione con diverse istituzioni e organizzazioni. L’obiettivo è quello di identificare le persone sepolte in modo da restituire loro un’identità e permettere alle loro famiglie di avviare un processo di lutto.
“Questi monumenti neri sono le colonne della vergogna dell’Unione europea – commenta Suljić - non è stata la Drina a uccidere queste persone, bensì la politica delle frontiere chiuse. Se avessero avuto un altro modo per raggiungere un posto sicuro dove costruire una vita migliore, sicuramente non sarebbero andati in cerca di pace attraversando mari, fiumi e fili spinati. Le loro tombe testimonieranno per sempre la vergogna e il regime criminale dell’UE”.
Suljić ha invitato i cittadini dell’UE che hanno partecipato alla cerimonia di commemorazione a Bijeljina a chiamare i governi dei loro paesi ad assumersi la propria responsabilità.
“Non abbiamo bisogno di donazioni né di corone di fiori. Vi invito però a inviare un messaggio ai vostri governi, a tutti i responsabili dell’attuazione di queste politiche, per spiegare loro le conseguenze delle frontiere chiuse, frontiere che uccidono gli esseri umani, ma anche i valori europei”.
Dalla chiusura del corridoio sicuro lungo la rotta balcanica [nel 2015], nell’area di Bijeljina, Zvornik e Bratunac sono stati ritrovati circa sessanta corpi di migranti annegati nel fiume Drina. Stando ai dati raccolti da un gruppo di attivisti e ricercatori, nel periodo compreso tra gennaio 2014 e dicembre 2023 lungo il tratto della rotta balcanica che include sei paesi (Macedonia del Nord, Kosovo, Serbia, Bosnia Erzegovina, Croazia e Slovenia) hanno perso la vita 346 persone in movimento. Trattandosi di dati reperiti da fonti pubbliche, i ricercatori sottolineano che il numero effettivo di vittime con ogni probabilità è molto più alto. In molti casi, la tragica sorte dei migranti è direttamente legata ai respingimenti effettuati dalle autorità locali e dai membri dell’agenzia Frontex.
“La morte alle frontiere è ormai parte integrante di un regime di controllo che alcuni autori definiscono un crimine in tempo di pace, una forma di violenza amministrativa e istituzionale finalizzata a mantenere in vita un determinato ordine sociale. Molte persone morte ai confini restano invisibili, come sono invisibili anche le persone scomparse. I decessi e le sparizioni spesso non vengono denunciati, e alcuni corpi non vengono mai ritrovati”, spiega Marijana Hameršak, ricercatrice dell’Istituto di etnologia e studi sul folklore di Zagabria, responsabile di un progetto sui meccanismi di gestione dei flussi migratori alle periferie dell’UE.
In assenza di un database regionale e di iniziative di cooperazione transfrontaliera, sono i volontari e gli attivisti a portare avanti le azioni di ricerca di persone scomparse e i tentativi di identificazione dei corpi. Al termine della cerimonia di commemorazione, a Bijeljina si è tenuta una conferenza per discutere di questo tema.
“Molte famiglie non sanno a chi rivolgersi, non hanno mai ricevuto indicazioni chiare. Finora le istituzioni non hanno mai voluto impegnarsi su questo fronte. Spero che a breve ognuno si assuma la propria responsabilità e faccia il proprio lavoro, perché non è normale che noi, attivisti e volontari, portiamo avanti questo processo”, denuncia Nihad Suljić.
A dare un contributo fondamentale è anche Vidak Simić, patologo ed esperto forense di Bijeljina. Dal 2016 Simić ha eseguito l’autopsia e prelevato un campione di DNA di circa quaranta corpi di migranti, per la maggior parte rinvenuti nel fiume Drina.
“Questa vicenda mi opprime, non mi sento bene perché non riesco a portare a termine il mio lavoro. Credo profondamente nel giuramento di Ippocrate e lo rispetto. Le leggi e altre norme mi obbligano a conservare i campioni per sei mesi, ho deciso però di conservarli per tutto il tempo necessario, in attesa che il sistema venga cambiato. La mia idea è di raccogliere tutti questi campioni, creare profili genetici individuali, pubblicarli su un sito appositamente creato in modo da aiutare le famiglie – in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Algeria, Marocco e in altri paesi – che cercano i loro cari scomparsi.
Lo auspicano anche il padre, la madre, la sorella e i fratelli di Aziz Alimi, vent’anni, proveniente dall’Afghanistan, che nel settembre dello scorso anno, nel tentativo di raggiungere la Bosnia Erzegovina dalla Serbia, aveva deciso di attraversare la Drina a nuoto con altri tre ragazzi. Poco dopo la sua scomparsa, nello stesso luogo da dove Aziz per l’ultima volta aveva contattato uno dei suoi fratelli, è stato ritrovato un corpo.
Dal momento che non è stato possibile identificare il corpo per via del pessimo stato in cui si trovava, i familiari di Aziz, che nel frattempo hanno trovato rifugio in Iran, hanno inviato un campione del suo DNA in Bosnia Erzegovina. Ripongono fiducia nelle istituzioni e nei cittadini bosniaco-erzegovesi per garantire ad Aziz almeno una sepoltura dignitosa.
Ai presenti alla conferenza di Bijeljina si è rivolta anche la sorella di Aziz, Zahra Alimi, intervenuta con un videomessaggio. “Non abbiamo parenti in Europa che possano aiutarci e davvero non sappiamo cosa fare. Per favore aiutateci, nostro padre è affetto da un tumore e nostra madre ha sofferto molto dopo aver appreso la triste notizia [della scomparsa di Aziz]. Possiamo contare solo su di voi”.
►https://www.balcanicaucaso.org/aree/Bosnia-Erzegovina/Rotta-balcanica-i-sogni-spezzati-nella-Drina-229948
#route_des_Balkans #Balkans #rivière #Bosnie-Hezégovine #migrations #réfugiés #mourir_aux_frontières #morts_aux_frontières #Bijeljina #Branjevo #Nenad_Jovanović #Nenad_Jovanovic #Serbie #frontières #commémoration #mémoire #cimetière #tombes #SOS_Balkanroute #Nihad_Suljić #Nihad_Suljic #dignité #monument #responsabilité
Traduction de cet article :
Modra rijeka migrantske smrti
Samo Nenad Jovanović iz Gorske službe spasavanja Bijeljina u šest godina sudjelovao je u izvlačenju više od 50 tijela migranata iz Drine. Nijedan nije bio stariji od 40 godina, a svi su se utopili u pokušaju prelaska rijeke. Na groblju ih pokapaju kao NN lica
▻https://www.portalnovosti.com/modra-rijeka-migrantske-smrti
Shades of Anger
►https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67746&lang=it
[2009]
Her performance of poems like ‘We Teach Life, Sir’ and ‘Shades of Anger’ went viral within...
Shades of Anger
(c’était en 2011...)
►https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=m2vFJE93LTI&t=72s
Allow me to speak my Arab tongue
before they occupy my language as well.
Allow me to speak my mother tongue
before they colonise her memory as well.
I am an Arab woman of color.
and we come in all shades of anger.
All my grandfather ever wanted to do
was wake up at dawn and watch my grandmother kneel and pray
in a village hidden between Jaffa and Haifa
my mother was born under an olive tree
on a soil they say is no longer mine
but I will cross their barriers, their check points
their damn apartheid walls and return to my homeland
I am an Arab woman of colour and we come in all shades of anger.
And did you hear my sister screaming yesterday
as she gave birth at a check point
with Israeli soldiers looking between her legs
for their next demographic threat
called her baby girl “Janeen”.
And did you hear Amni Mona screaming
behind their prison bars as they teargassed her cell
“We’re returning to Palestine!”
I am an Arab woman of colour and we come in all shades of anger.
But you tell me, this womb inside me
will only bring you your next terrorist
beard wearing, gun waving, towelhead, sand nigger
You tell me, I send my children out to die
but those are your copters, your F16′s in our sky
And let’s talk about this terrorism business for a second
Wasn’t it the CIA that killed Allende and Lumumba
and who trained Osama in the first place
My grandparents didn’t run around like clowns
with the white capes and the white hoods on their heads lynching black people
I am an Arab woman of colour and we come in all shades of anger.
“So who is that brown woman screaming in the demonstration?”
Sorry, should I not scream?
I forgot to be your every orientalist dream
Jinnee in a bottle, belly dancer, harem girl, soft spoken Arab woman
Yes master, no master.
Thank you for the peanut butter sandwiches
raining down on us from your F16′s master
Yes my liberators are here to kill my children
and call them “collateral damage”
I am an Arab woman of colour and we come in all shades of anger.
So let me just tell you this womb inside me
will only bring you your next rebel
She will have a rock in one hand and a Palestinian flag in the other
I am an Arab woman of color
Beware! Beware my anger…
►https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67746&lang=it
#Rafeef_Ziadah #poésie #Palestine #arabe #langue #langue_arabe #poème #dommages_collatéraux #conflit #Israël #terrorisme #colère
Et aussi...
We teach LIFE, sir!
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iEwrJEqw2j0
Comment la société française a appris à mépriser les « paysans » et leurs « #patois »
Les manifestations récentes par lesquelles le monde agricole français a fait entendre ses protestations et ses revendications ont, une fois de plus, fait apparaître des différences profondes, voire des fractures, entre le monde rural et le monde urbain et plus encore entre des images valorisantes de l’urbanité et dévalorisantes de la ruralité.
La France moderne a été construite depuis Paris, lieu de la puissance politique, en développant un sentiment de supériorité de la capitale sur « la province » (le singulier est significatif) et des villes (supposées modernes) sur les campagnes (supposées arriérées). Au lieu d’être fédérale, vu sa diversité, « la France est un pays dont l’unité a été construite à coups de cravache […] par l’autorité de l’État central », selon Jean Viard.
Les normes sociales valorisées ont donc été celles, urbaines, de la ville-capitale érigée en phare de l’État hypercentralisé. On le voit, par exemple, dans le fait qu’en français le mot urbain a le double sens « de la ville » et « poli, courtois » et que le mot paysan a le double sens de « rural, agricole » et « rustre, grossier ». Ce mode de relation est clairement confirmé par une analyse sociolinguistique plus large, comme on va le voir ci-après. En effet, la sociolinguistique a pour but d’étudier principalement deux choses : les effets de l’organisation d’une société sur les langues qu’on y parle et ce que la place faite aux langues révèle de l’organisation de cette société.
Paris, ses bourgeois et leur langue érigés en modèle
C’est en effet la langue de la capitale qui a été imposée notamment à partir de la Révolution française à l’ensemble des populations progressivement rattachées à la France. Elle est considérée comme la langue « normale » en France. Et c’est le français des classes supérieures parisiennes qui a été prescrit comme modèle d’expression. Ainsi le grammairien Vaugelas définissait-il ce « bon français » en 1647 :
« La façon de parler de la plus saine partie de la Cour […] Quand je dis la cour, j’y comprends les femmes comme les hommes, et plusieurs personnes de la ville où le prince réside. »
La prétendue supériorité universelle du français, par opposition à toutes les autres langues et d’autant plus aux « patois régionaux », affirmée dès 1784 par le pamphlétaire Rivarol, est régulièrement reprise dans les discours étatiques jusqu’à aujourd’hui, par exemple par le président de la République lui-même lorsqu’il inaugure une cité qui cultive les mythes sur la langue française.
Tout au long du XIXe siècle, la construction de la nation française passe par cette vision de la langue française, que l’école de la IIIe République (1870-1940) est chargée de mettre en œuvre de façon particulièrement offensive.
En 1951, le phonéticien Pierre Fouché poursuit cette vision suprémaciste de la langue de Paris et de ses classes dominantes en établissant pour l’enseignement une norme de prononciation du français sur le modèle d’une « conversation soignée chez des Parisiens cultivés ».
Les « patois pauvres et corrompus » des campagnes « provinciales »
Quant aux autres langues de France, comme on les appelle depuis 1999, elles ont, à l’inverse, été disqualifiées par le nom de « patois » au départ méprisant, par l’association au seul monde rural et à une arriération prétendue. L’origine du mot « patois » est discutée, mais il est très probable qu’il vienne du verbe « patoiller » qui veut dire soit « marcher dans la boue, barboter, patauger », soit « gesticuler, parler en faisant des signes avec les mains ». Dans les deux cas, c’est un terme péjoratif à l’origine.
Or, tout ceci est doublement faux : ces langues étaient aussi celles des villes (à Marseille par exemple le provençal était la langue générale jusque dans les années 1920) et d’intellectuels (Frédéric Mistral, licencié en droit, a reçu le prix Nobel de littérature pour son œuvre toute en provençal).
Mais les préjugés sont fondés sur un aveuglement pour ne voir que ce que l’on veut voir. Ainsi, on lit dans l’Encyclopédie (1765) :
« Patois : Langage corrompu tel qu’il se parle presque dans toutes les provinces : chacune a son patois ; ainsi nous avons le patois bourguignon, le patois normand, le patois champenois, le patois gascon, le patois provençal, etc. On ne parle la langue que dans la capitale. »
Le Dictionnaire de Furetière (1690) précisait :
« Langage corrompu et grossier tel que celui du menu peuple, des paysans, et des enfants qui ne savent pas encore bien prononcer. »
À la création de la 1ere République française, ses responsables considéraient ainsi que dans les provinces on parlait « ces jargons barbares et ces idiomes grossiers » à « éradiquer » (Rapport Barrère, publié en 1794). Pourquoi ? Parce que « nous n’avons plus de provinces et nous avons encore environ trente patois qui en rappellent les noms » dont « deux idiomes très dégénérés » et parce que « l’homme des campagnes, peu accoutumé à généraliser ses idées, manquera toujours de termes abstraits » à cause de cette « inévitable pauvreté de langage, qui resserre l’esprit » disait le Rapport Grégoire (publié en 1794). Il ajoutait « les nègres de nos colonies, dont vous avez fait des hommes, ont une espèce d’idiome pauvre », ne mesurant pas le racisme linguistique de son propos.
Le mépris des provinciaux, des ruraux et de leurs langues, alimentés par ces préjugés conjugués, a été sans borne. Il a culminé au XIXe siècle sous la forme d’un véritable racisme, dont celui contre les Bretons ou les Méridionaux, bien attesté.
À l’époque l’étude scientifique des langues n’existait pas encore. La sociolinguistique, qui se développe à partir des années 1950-1970, a montré par la suite que toutes les langues sont égales (y compris celles dites « patois ») : aucune n’est supérieure ou inférieure à une autre en raison de ses caractéristiques proprement linguistiques. Ce sont les hiérarchisations sociales qui se reflètent en hiérarchisation des langues ou de leurs variétés locales ou sociales particulières.
Hélas, comme on l’observe trop souvent et encore plus à l’époque des « fake news », les connaissances scientifiques ont du mal à remplacer les croyances répandues dans l’opinion publique. C’est d’autant plus le cas quand il s’agit de langues en France, pays où a été instaurée une véritable religion nationale de la langue française accompagnée d’une sorte d’excommunication des autres langues.
En conséquence, cette conception est encore présente de nos jours. Le Trésor de la Langue française (CNRS) la décrit ainsi :
« Patois : Parler essentiellement oral, pratiqué dans une localité ou un groupe de localités, principalement rurales. Système linguistique restreint fonctionnant en un point déterminé ou dans un espace géographique réduit, sans statut culturel et social stable […]. Langage obscur et inintelligible. Synonymes : baragouin, charabia, jargon. »
Le « plouc » et son parler aussi méprisés l’un que l’autre
Aujourd’hui encore, le stéréotype du « plouc » est fortement voire principalement constitué de caractéristiques linguistiques (“phrase, accent, prononciation, langue”), comme le montre l’étude de Corentin Roquebert, qui conclut :
« On peut relever l’association forte entre des catégories et des objets plus ou moins valorisés socialement, ce qui favorise l’expression d’un jugement social positif ou négatif sur une population : le beauf comme personnage raciste et sexiste, le hipster branché et cool qui n’aime pas le mainstream, la prononciation et l’accent du plouc. »
Les préjugés glottophobes contre des « patois » supposés employés (uniquement) par des « paysans » sont toujours là. Et même quand les « paysans » et autres « provinciaux » ont finalement adopté le français, bon gré mal gré, on continue à stigmatiser les traces de leurs “patois” dans leurs façons de parler français : mots locaux, expressions, tournures, et surtout accent…
Le pseudo raisonnement, fondé sur des préjugés, est circulaire : les « patois » ne sont pas de vraies langues puisqu’ils sont parlés par des « paysans »/les « paysans » sont des rustres puisqu’ils parlent « patois ». Les deux stéréotypes négatifs projetés simultanément sur les « paysans » et sur les « patois » (ou les « accents » qu’il en reste), associés les uns aux autres, se renforcent réciproquement et produisent un mépris de classe renforcé.
▻https://theconversation.com/comment-la-societe-francaise-a-appris-a-mepriser-les-paysans-et-leu
#mépris #France #fracture #rural #urbain #villes #campagnes #ruralité #dévalorisation #province #ville-capitale #centralisme #sociolinguistique #langue #bon_français #patois_régionaux #langues_régionales #Rivarol #mythe #nation #Etat-nation #Pierre_Fouché #préjugés #aveuglement #racisme_linguistique #préjugés #racisme #hiérarchisation #plouc #accents #mépris_de_classe
Le rapport de domination, en France, entre la capitale et le reste du pays est un fait difficilement contestable. Comme l’indique ce texte, cela se voit notamment par l’obligation, dictée par le pouvoir central d’État, établi à Paris, d’adopter sur tout le territoire la même langue. Pour autant, cet héritage centralisateur ne me semble pas être la seule explication dans la construction d’une idéologie de classe méprisante à l’encontre du monde paysan.
On pourrait croire, en lisant ce texte, que le pays se résumait à un clivage entre Paris et « la province », cette dernière étant assimilée au « monde paysan », or le pays a compté quand même nombres de grandes villes sur le territoire, qui ont constitué autant de métropoles locales dont l’importance dans le développement du capitalisme en France a été tout aussi déterminante que celle de Paris. Ce n’est pas pour rien qu’aujourd’hui, le concept politique de « métropole » fait vibrer nombre de représentants de la classe dominante en Europe, y compris en France (et en Île-de-France).
Témoignage personnel anecdotique : une partie de ma famille est nantaise et j’ai été frappé de constater à quel point les expressions de mépris anti-paysan, quasi-raciste, revenaient dans les propos de mes oncles et tantes. Cela dépasse de loin ce que j’ai entendu, en comparaison, à Paris, en tous cas, pour cette génération-là.
Jury convicts #Ibrahima_Bah : Statement from Captain Support UK
Following a three-week trial, Ibrahima Bah, a teenager from Senegal, has been convicted by an all-white jury at Canterbury Crown Court. The jury unanimously found him guilty of facilitating illegal entry to the UK, and by a 10-2 majority of manslaughter by gross negligence. This conviction followed a previous trial in July 2023 in which the jury could not reach a verdict.
Ibrahima’s prosecution and conviction is a violent escalation in the persecution of migrants to ‘Stop the Boats’. Observing the trial has also made it clear to us how anti-black racism pervades the criminal ‘justice’ system in this country. The verdict rested on the jury’s interpretation of generic words with shifting meanings such as ‘reasonable’, ‘significant’, and ‘minimal’. Such vagueness invites subjective prejudice, in this case anti-black racist profiling. Ibrahima, a teenage survivor, was perceived in the eyes of many jurors to be older, more mature, more responsible, more threatening, with more agency, and thus as more ‘guilty’.
Why Ibrahima was charged
Ibrahima was arrested in December 2022 after the dinghy he was driving across the Channel broke apart next to the fishing vessel Arcturus. Four men are known to have drowned, and up to five are still missing at sea. The court heard the names of three of them: Allaji Ibrahima Ba, 18 years old from Guinea who had travelled with Ibrahima from Libya and who Ibrahima described as his brother; Hajratullah Ahmadi, from Afghanistan; and Moussa Conate, a 15 year old from Guinea.
The jury, judge, defense, and prosecution agreed the shipwreck and resultant deaths had multiple factors. These included the poor construction of the boat, water ingress after a time at sea, and later everyone standing up to be rescued causing the floor of the dinghy ripping apart. A report by Alarm Phone and LIMINAL points to other contributing factors, including the lack of aerial surveillance, the failure of the French to launch a search and rescue operation when first informed of the dinghy’s distress, and the skipper of Arcturus’ delay in informing Dover Coastguard of the seriousness of the wreck. Nonetheless, the Kent jury has decided to exclusively punish a black teenaged survivor.
What the jury heard
Many of the other survivors, all of whom claimed asylum upon reaching the UK, testified that Ibrahima saved their lives. At the moment the dinghy got into danger, Ibrahima steered it towards the fishing vessel which rescued them. He was also shown holding a rope to keep the collapsed dinghy alongside the fishing vessel while others climbed onboard. One survivor told the court that Ibrahima “was an angel”.
The story told by witnesses not on the dinghy contrasted greatly to that of the asylum seekers who survived. Ray Strachan, the captain of the shipping vessel Arcturus offered testimony which appeared particularly prejudiced. He described Ibrahima using racist tropes – “mouthy”, not grateful enough following rescue, and as behaving very unusually. He complained about the tone in which Ibrahima asked the crew to rescue his drowning friend Allaji, who Strachan could only describe as being “dark brown. What can you say nowadays? He wasn’t white.” Strachan also has spoken out in a GB News interview against what he considers to be the “migrant taxi service” in the Channel, and volunteered to the jury, “It wasn’t my decision to take them to Dover. I wanted to take them back to France.” This begs the question of whether Strachan’s clearly anti-migrant political opinions influenced his testimony in a way which he felt would help secure Ibrahima’s conviction. It also raises the question if jury members identified more with Strachan’s retelling than the Afghans who testified through interpreters, and to what extent they shared some of his convictions.
When Ibrahima took the stand to testify in his defense he explained that he refused to drive the rubber inflatable after he was taken to the beach and saw its size compared to the number of people expecting to travel on it. He told how smugglers, who had organised the boat and had knives and a gun, then assaulted him and forced him to drive the dinghy. The other survivors corroborated his testimony and described the boat’s driver being beaten and forced onboard.
The prosecutor, however, sought to discredit Ibrahima, cross-examining him for one-and-a-half days. He demonised Ibrahima and insisted that he was personally responsible for the deaths because he was driving. Ibrahima’s actions, which survivors testified saved their lives, were twisted into dangerous decisions. His experiences of being forced to drive the boat under threat of death, and following assault, were disbelieved. The witness stand became the scene of another interrogation, with the prosecutor picking over the details of Ibrahima’s previous statements for hours.
Ibrahima’s account never waivered. Yes he drove the dinghy, he didn’t want to, he was forced to, and when they got into trouble he did everything in his power to save everybody on board.
Free Ibrahima!
We have been supporting, and will continue to support, Ibrahima as he faces his imprisonment at the hands of the racist and unjust UK border regime.
This is a truly shocking decision.
We call for everybody who shares our anger to protest the unjust conviction of Ibrahima Bah and to stand in solidarity with all those incarcerated and criminalised for seeking freedom of movement.
▻https://captainsupport.net/jury-convicts-ibrahima-bah-statement-from-captain-support-uk
#scafista #scafisti #UK #Angleterre #criminalisation_de_la_migration #migrations #réfugiés #procès #justice #condamnation #négligence #Stop_the_Boats #verdict #naufrage #responsabilité #Arcturus
“NO SUCH THING AS JUSTICE HERE”. THE CRIMINALISATION OF PEOPLE ARRIVING TO THE UK ON ‘SMALL BOATS’
New research shows how people arriving on small boats are being imprisoned for their ‘illegal arrival’. Among those prosecuted are people seeking asylum, victims of trafficking and torture, and children with ongoing age disputes.
This research provides broader context surrounding the imprisonment of Ibrahima Bah, a Senegalese teenager, who has recently been found ‘guilty’ of both facilitating illegal entry and manslaughter. He was sentenced to 9 years and 6 months imprisonment on Friday 23rd February. In their statement, Captain Support UK argue that “Ibrahima’s prosecution and conviction is a violent escalation in the persecution of migrants to ‘Stop the Boats’.”
The research
This report, published by the Centre for Criminology at the University of Oxford and Border Criminologies, shows how people have been imprisoned for their arrival on a ‘small boat’ since the Nationality and Borders Act (2022) came into force. It details the process from sea to prison, and explains how this policy is experienced by those affected. Analysis is based on observations of over 100 hearings where people seeking asylum were prosecuted for their own illegal arrival, or for facilitating the arrival of others through steering the dinghy they travelled on. The report is informed by the detailed casework experience of Humans for Rights Network, Captain Support UK and Refugee Legal Support. It also draws on data collected through Freedom of Information requests, and research interviews with lawyers, interpreters, and people who have been criminalised for crossing the Channel on a ‘small boat’.
Background
In late 2018, the number of people using dinghies to reach the UK from mainland Europe began to increase. Despite Government claims, alternative ‘safe and legal routes’ for accessing protection in the UK remain inaccessible to most people. There is no visa for ‘seeking asylum’, and humanitarian routes to the UK are very restricted. For many, irregular journeys by sea have become the only way to enter the UK to seek asylum, safety, and a better life.
Soon after the number of people arriving on small boats started to increase, the Crown Prosecution Service began to charge those identified as steering the boats with the offences of ‘illegal entry’ or ‘facilitation’. These are offences within Section 24 and Section 25 of the Immigration Act 1971. However, in 2021, a series of successful appeals overturned these prosecutions. This was on the basis that if the people on a small boat intended to claim asylum at port, there was no breach of immigration law through attempted ‘illegal entry’. The Court of Appeal found that those who arrive by small boat and claim asylum do not enter illegally, as they are granted entry as an asylum seeker.
In response, in June 2022, the Nationality and Borders Act expanded the scope of criminal offences relating to irregular arrival to the UK. First, the offence of ‘illegal arrival’ was introduced, with a maximum sentence of 4 years. Second, the offence of ‘facilitation’ was expanded to include circumstances in which ‘gain’ was difficult to prove, and the maximum sentence was increased from 14 years to life imprisonment. During Parliamentary debates, members of both Houses of Parliament warned that this would criminalise asylum seeking to the UK.
Who has been prosecuted since the Nationality and Borders Act (2022)?
New data shows that in the first year of implementation (June 2022 – June 2023), 240 people arriving on small boats were charged with ‘illegal arrival’ off small boats. While anyone arriving irregularly can now be arrested for ‘illegal arrival’, this research finds that in practice those prosecuted either:
– Have an ‘immigration history’ in the UK, including having been identified as being in the country, or having attempted to arrive previously ( for example, through simply having applied for a visa), or,
– Are identified as steering the dinghy they travelled in as it crossed the Channel.
49 people were also charged with ‘facilitation’ in addition to ‘illegal arrival’ after allegedly being identified as having their ‘hand on the tiller’ at some point during the journey. At least two people were charged with ‘facilitation’ for bringing their children with them on the dinghy.
In 2022, 1 person for every 10 boats was arrested for their alleged role in steering. In 2023, this was 1 for every 7 boats. People end up being spotted with their ‘hand on the tiller’ for many reasons, including having boating experience, steering in return for discounted passage, taking it in turns, or being under duress. Despite the Government’s rhetoric, both offences target people with no role in organised criminal gangs.
The vast majority of those convicted of both ‘illegal arrival’ and ‘facilitation’ have ongoing asylum claims. Victims of torture and trafficking, as well as children with ongoing age disputes, have also been prosecuted. Those arrested include people from nationalities with a high asylum grant rate, including people from Sudan, South Sudan, Afghanistan, Iran, Eritrea, and Syria.
Those imprisoned are distressed and harmed by their experiences in court and prison
This research shows how court hearings were often complicated and delayed by issues with interpreters and faulty video link technology. Bail was routinely denied without proper consideration of each individual’s circumstances. Those accused were usually advised to plead guilty to ‘illegal arrival’ at the first opportunity to benefit from sentence reductions, however, this restricted the possibility of legal challenge.
Imprisonment caused significant psychological and physical harm, which people said was particularly acute given their experiences of displacement. The majority of those arrested are imprisoned in HMP Elmley. They frequently reported not being able to access crucial services, including medical care, interpretation services including for key documents relating to their cases, contact with their solicitors, immigration advice, as well as work and English lessons. People shared their experiences of poor living conditions, inadequate food, and routine and frequent racist remarks and abuse from prison staff as ‘foreign nationals’.
Children with age disputes are being imprisoned for their arrival on small boats
Research (see, for example, here) by refugee support organisations has highlighted significant flaws in the Home Office’s age assessment processes in Dover, resulting in children being aged as adults, and treated as such. One consequence of this is that children with ongoing age disputes have been charged as adults with the offences of ‘illegal arrival’ and ‘facilitation’ for their alleged role in steering boats across the Channel.
Humans for Rights Network has identified 15 age-disputed children who were wrongly treated as adults and charged with these new offences, with 14 spending time in adult prison. This is very likely to be an undercount. The Home Office fails to collect data on how many people with ongoing age disputes are convicted. These young people have all claimed asylum, and several claim (or have been found to be) survivors of torture and/or trafficking. The majority are Sudanese or South Sudanese, who have travelled to the UK via Libya.
Throughout the entirety of the criminal process, responsibility lay with the child at every stage to reject their ‘given’ age and reassert that they are under 18. Despite this, the Courts generally relied on the Home Office’s ‘given age’, without recognition of evidence highlighting clear flaws in these initial age enquiries. Children who maintained that they were under 18 in official legal proceedings faced substantial delays to their cases, due to the time required by the relevant local authority to carry out an age assessment, and delays to the criminal process. Due to this inaction, several children have decided to be convicted and sentenced as adults to try to avoid spending additional time in prison.
These young people have experienced serious psychological and physical harm in adult courts and prisons, raising serious questions around the practices of the Home Office, Border Force, Ministry of Justice, magistrates and Judges, the CPS, defence lawyers, and prison staff.
Pour télécharger le rapport :
Full report:▻https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2024-02/No%20such%20thing%20as%20justice%20here_for%20publication.pdf
Summary : ▻https://blogs.law.ox.ac.uk/sites/default/files/2024-02/SUMMARY_No%20such%20thing%20as%20justice%20here_for%20publication.pd
▻https://www.law.ox.ac.uk/content/news/report-launch-no-such-thing-justice-here
#rapport
Ibrahima Bah was sentenced to nine years for steering a ‘death trap’ dinghy across the Channel. Was he really to blame?
The young asylum seeker was forced into piloting the boat on which at least four people drowned. Under new ‘stop the boats’ laws, he’s responsible for their deaths – but others say he’s a victim
In the dock at Canterbury crown court, Ibrahima Bah listened closely as his interpreter told him he was being sentenced to nine years and six months in prison.
In December 2022, Bah had steered an inflatable dinghy full of passengers seeking asylum in the UK across the Channel from France. The boat collapsed and four people were confirmed drowned – it is thought that at least one other went overboard, but no other bodies have yet been recovered.
Bah’s conviction – four counts of gross negligence manslaughter and one of facilitating a breach of immigration law – is the first of its kind. The Home Office put out a triumphant tweet after his sentencing, with the word “JAILED” in capital letters above his mugshot. According to the government, Bah’s sentence is proof that it is achieving one of Rishi Sunak’s main priorities: to “Stop the Boats”. But human rights campaigners are less jubilant and fear his conviction will be far from the last.
Of the 39 passengers who survived that perilous journey in December 2022, about a dozen were lone children. Bah is a young asylum seeker himself, from Senegal. The judge determined he is now 20; his birth certificate says he is 17. Either way, he was a teenager at the time of the crossing. So how did his dream of a new life in the UK end up here, in this courtroom, being convicted of multiple counts of manslaughter?
As with so many asylum seekers, details about Bah’s life are hazy and complicated. He has had little opportunity to speak to people since he arrived in the UK because he has been behind bars. His older sister, Hassanatou Ba, who lives in Morocco, says the whole family is devastated by his imprisonment, especially their mother. Hassanatou says her brother – the only son in the family, and the only male after the death of their father – has always been focused on helping them all.
“He is gentle, kind and respectful, and loves his family very much,” she says. “He always wanted to take care of all of us. He knew about the difficulties in our lives and wanted our problems to stop.”
In court, the judge, Mr Justice Johnson KC, noted that Bah’s early upbringing was difficult and that he was subjected to child labour. His initial journey from Senegal was tough, too, as he travelled to the Gambia, then Mali (where the judge acknowledged he had been subjected to forced labour), Algeria and Libya before crossing the Mediterranean to reach Europe. The risk of drowning in a flimsy and overcrowded boat in the Mediterranean is extremely high, with more than 25,000 deaths or people missing during the crossing since 2014. The Immigration Enforcement Competent Authority found there were reasonable grounds to conclude Bah was a victim of modern slavery based on some of his experiences on his journey. He told the police the boat journey was “terrifying”, and took four days and four nights in an “overcrowded and unsuitable” vessel.
Bah and his fellow travellers were rescued and taken to Sicily. From there, he travelled to France and met Allaji Ba, 18, from Guinea, who became his friend and who he has described as his “brother”. The pair spent five months in Bordeaux before travelling to Paris, then Calais, then Dunkirk, spending three months in an area known as the Jungle – a series of small, basic encampments. The refugees who live there are frequently uprooted by French police. The vast original Calais refugee encampment – also known as the Jungle – was destroyed in October 2016, but the camps still exist, albeit in more compact and makeshift forms. Some people have tents, while others sleep in the open air, whatever the weather.
In the Jungle, Bah met a group of smugglers. He was unable to pay the going rate of about £2,000 for a space on a dinghy to come to the UK, so instead he agreed to steer the boat in exchange for free passage. Smugglers don’t drive boats themselves: they either offer the job to someone like Bah, who can’t afford to pay for their passage; force a passenger to steer; or leave it to the group to share the task between them.
When Bah saw how unseaworthy and overcrowded the boat was, he refused to pilot it, and in court, the judge accepted there was a degree of coercion by the smugglers. Bah said smugglers with a knife and a gun assaulted him, and other survivors corroborated his account of being beaten after refusing to board the boat.
Once the dinghy was afloat, survivors have said the situation became increasingly terrifying. Out at sea, under a pitch black sky, the dinghy began taking in water up to knee level. It was when the passengers saw a fishing vessel, Arcturus, that catastrophe struck, with some standing up, hoping that at last they were going to be saved from what they believed was certain drowning.
At Bah’s trial, witnesses gave evidence about his efforts to save lives by manoeuvring the stricken dinghy towards the fishing trawler, so that people could be rescued.
One witness said that if it hadn’t been for Bah, everyone on board would have drowned. “He was trying his best,” he said. Another survivor called him an “angel” for his efforts to save lives, holding a rope so others could be hoisted to safety on the fishing vessel and putting the welfare of others first. The judge acknowledged that Bah was one of the last to leave the dinghy and tried to help others after he did so, including his friend Ba, “who tragically died before your eyes”.
The dinghy was described by the judge as a “death trap”; he also recognised that the primary responsibility for what happened that night rests with the criminal gangs who exploit and endanger those who wish to come to the UK. He noted that Bah was “significantly less culpable” than the gangs and did not coerce other passengers or organise the trip.
“Everything that has happened to Ibrahima since he was forced to drive the boat in 2022 has been bad luck,” says Hassanatou. “In fact, Ibrahima’s whole journey has been suffering on top of suffering.”
Had Bah made the journey just a few months earlier, he would not be in this courtroom today. His conviction was made possible by recent changes in the law – part of the Conservative government’s clampdown on small boats. In June 2022, the Nationality and Borders Act (NABA) expanded the scope of criminal offences relating to irregular arrival to the UK. The offence of “illegal arrival” was introduced, with a maximum sentence of four years. This criminalises the act of arriving in the UK to claim asylum – and effectively makes claiming asylum impossible since, by law, you have to be physically in the country to make a claim.
At the same time, the pre-existing offence of “facilitation” – making it possible for others to claim asylum by piloting a dinghy, for example – was expanded, with the maximum sentence increased from 14 years to life imprisonment. Hundreds of people, including children and victims of torture and smuggling, have subsequently been jailed for the first offence and a handful for the second.
The reasons Bah and thousands of others are forced into this particularly deadly form of Russian roulette on the Channel is due to government policy not to provide safe and legal routes for those who are fleeing persecution. Last year, the government went further than NABA with the Illegal Migration Act, making any asylum claim by someone arriving by an “irregular” means, such as on a small boat, inadmissible. It is hard to overstate the significance of this change. The right to claim asylum was enshrined in the 1951 Geneva Convention after the horrors of the second world war – and has saved many lives. The UK is still signed up to that convention, but the Illegal Migration Act now makes it almost impossible to exercise that essential right, and has been strongly criticised by the UN.
None of these legal changes are stopping the boats. Although the number of Channel crossings fell by 36% last year, much of that reduction was due to 90% fewer crossings by Albanians (there had been a spike in the numbers of Albanians coming over in 2022). Those fleeing conflict zones are still crossing in large numbers, and according to a report by the NGO Alarm Phone, measures introduced to stop the boats are likely to have increased the number of Channel drownings.
Most asylum seekers do not seek sanctuary in the UK but instead head to the nearest safe country. Those who do come here often have family in the UK, or speak English. The decisions people make before stepping into a precarious dinghy on a beach in northern France are not a result of nuanced calculations based on the latest law to pass through parliament. “I come or I die,” one Syrian asylum seeker told me recently, when I asked about his decision to make a high-risk boat crossing after experiencing torture in his home country.
Some lawyers who have followed Bah’s case and the broader implications of the new legislation are worried about these developments. “There is now no legal way to claim asylum,” one lawyer says.
“The use of manslaughter in these circumstances is completely novel and demonstrates how pernicious the new laws are. It is the most vulnerable who end up piloting the boats and asylum seekers have no knowledge that the law has changed.”
Bah’s case has also caused consternation among campaigners. “The conviction of Ibrahima Bah demonstrates a violent escalation in the prosecution of people for the way in which they arrive in the UK,” reads a joint statement from Humans for Rights Network and Refugee Legal Support, two of the organisations supporting Bah. They also point out that Bah had already spent 14 months in prison without knowing how long he would remain there, after a previous trial against him last year collapsed when the jury failed to reach a verdict.
“He too is a survivor of the shipwreck he experienced in December 2022,” the statement continues. “Imprisonment has severely impacted his mental health and will continue to do so while he is incarcerated. Ibrahima navigated a horrific journey to the UK in the hope of finding safety here through the only means available to him and yet he has been punished for the deaths of others seeking the same thing, sanctuary.”
The organisation Captain Support is helping 175 people who face prosecution as a result of the new laws to find legal representation. A letter-writing campaign calling for Bah to be freed has been launched.
Hassanatou says she is struggling to comprehend the UK’s harsh laws towards people like her little brother, and she fears his age will make it particularly difficult for him to cope behind bars. He will be expected to serve two-thirds of his sentence in custody, first in a young offenders’ institute and then in an adult jail.
In his sentencing remarks the judge said to Bah: “This is also a tragedy for you. Your dream of starting a new life in the UK is in tatters.”
▻https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/mar/12/ibrahima-bah-teenage-asylum-seeker-manslaughter
Human rights monitors: new UK-Frontex agreement risks “axis of abuse”
Charities on both sides of the English Channel have hit out at the new cooperation agreement between EU border agency Frontex and UK authorities signed in London today between UK officials and EU Home Affairs Commissioner Ylva Johansson; citing human rights scandals surrounding both organisations and an enforcement approach that is “flawed from conception.”
- The “integrated border management” between countries described in today’s deal has had serious consequences. Frontex was recently found (►https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/frontex-and-the-pirate-ship) to be systematically sharing the coordinates of Mediterranean boats in distress with militias and pirates that return people crossing to conditions of abuse and violence.
- This news came over a year on from the forced resignation of its former director (now a European Parliament candidate for the French far-right National Rally) over the agency’s complicity and cover-ups in Greece’s deadly border campaign, which was supposed to herald a culture change.
- The number of UK border drownings has doubled in the past year, which rescue NGO Alarmphone says is linked to Anglo-French border policy (►https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2024/jan/29/uk-france-small-boats-pact-doubling-drownings-directly-linked). UK and French authorities have faced allegations of serious shortcomings in responding to Channel shipwrecks.
- Meanwhile the UK continues to attempt to undermine its own courts and international refugee law with its plans to outsource its asylum processes to Rwanda, and its abuse-ridden detention estate is widely documented.
Quotes from organisations responding to the move can be found below.
Michele LeVoy, Director of the Brussels-based Platform for International Cooperation on Undocumented Migrants (PICUM), said:
“Frontex is signing this new agreement with the UK border forces after countless reports of complicity by the EU agency in serious violence.”
“The plan is flawed from conception. Tougher enforcement does not reduce irregular crossings; it only makes people’s journeys more dangerous. These resources should instead be used to provide safe routes and proper support for people seeking safety.”
Mary Atkinson, Campaigns and Networks Manager at the London-based Joint Council for the Welfare of Immigrants, said:
“People move – they always have and always will. It’s something we should welcome, not something which needs to be ‘tackled’ or ‘cracked down’ upon. We urgently need change so that people can move without risking – and too often losing – their lives.
“This latest development is just more of the same tired old thinking. Making our borders more violent has never stopped those in need from coming here and all these measures will do is make it more dangerous. The government needs to wake up and accept that ‘deterrents’ never have – and never will – work. Instead, we need to listen to the evidence and develop policies that prioritise people’s safety and human rights.”
A spokesperson for Calais-based Human Rights Observers said:
“Frontex, the EU’s biggest agency, which squanders European taxpayers’ money by massively violating human rights, is preparing to land on the French-British border. With at least 28 people killed by the murderous border policies of France and the UK in 2023, the presence of Frontex would only increase the insecurity of people seeking protection.”
Josephine Valeske at Europe-wide campaign Abolish Frontex said:
“UK border policy has seen deaths by drowning double in the last year, and its government continues to insist on violating both UK and international law by deporting people seeking asylum to Rwanda.”
“Frontex claims to have made progress on rights – but joining the UK for its new so-called “crackdown” on migration shows that nothing has changed. The EU cannot claim to defend human rights while Frontex continues to exist, and expand a European axis of abuse, at our expense.”
▻https://picum.org/blog/human-rights-monitors-new-uk-frontex-agreement-risks-axis-of-abuse
#Frontex #Manche #La_Manche #migrations #réfugiés #contrôles_frontaliers #UK #Angleterre #accord #coopération #frontières #Calais #France
Au Brésil, le principal fournisseur d’Ikea accusé d’atteintes à l’environnement
▻https://disclose.ngo/fr/article/au-bresil-le-principal-fournisseur-dikea-accuse-datteintes-a-lenvironnemen
Pollutions chimiques, déforestation illégale… Au Brésil, Ikea se fournit en meubles auprès de l’entreprise Artemobili, accusée de multiples infractions environnementales entre 2018 et 2022. La justice brésilienne pointe aujourd’hui la responsabilité de la firme suédoise. Lire l’article
A propos d’Ikea :
►https://www.arte.tv/fr/videos/112297-000-A/ikea-le-seigneur-des-forets
Derrière son image familiale et écolo, le géant du meuble suédois, plus gros consommateur de bois au monde, révèle des pratiques bien peu scrupuleuses. Une investigation édifiante sur cette firme à l’appétit démesuré.
@odilon
IKEA sans scrupule, menteur et destructeur de l’environnement, avec son fondateur sympathisant nazi et aussi grand exploiteur des prisonniers de RDA.
#accaparement_des_terres #roumanie #pins #brésil #nouvelle_zélande #forestiers #forêt #coupe_rase
Le point qui fait couler de l’encre
▻https://academia.hypotheses.org/55129
Sur une brillante idée partagée par Martin Clavey
Naufragio a Cutro
▻https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67741&lang=it
Testo di Giovanna Balestreri Musica da Deportees di Woody Guthrie Arrangiamento e interpretazione di...
Naufragio a Cutro
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8DqKAVz7KSs&t=31s
Li han visti nel buio aggrappati alle sponde,
li hai sentiti gridare in mezzo alle onde.
Hanno detto che c’era tempesta sul mare,
la guardia costiera li ha guardati annegare.
Fuggiti da guerre, violenze e da fame,
da città sbriciolate fra bombe e pietrame
Dove anche ai bambini è vietato sognare
l’Europa civile non vuole aiutare.
Addio, Mohamed, addio, Rashida,
addio, Bashar, piccola Jalina.
Non siete persone per chi è a governare,
ma solo migranti annegati nel mare.
Rischiare la pelle, i figli e i parenti,
stipati su barche sfasciate e cadenti
Ha detto il ministro, non è cosa da fare,
vi respinge l’Europa, potete annegare.
Un orsacchiotto incrostato di sabbia,
fra assi divelte rimane la rabbia.
Restan soltanto nei vari rottami,
speranze spezzate di poveri umani.
Addio, Mohamed, addio, Rashida,
addio, Bashar, piccola Jalina.
Non siete persone per chi è a governare,
ma solo un carico residuale.
Per giorni e per notti affiorano i corpi,
li cercano in mare, li cercano in molti.
Riemergeranno, basta avere pazienza,
sono dell’Europa la sporca coscienza.
Addio, Mohamed, addio, Rashida,
addio, Bashar, piccola Jalina.
Non siete persone per chi è a governare,
ma solo migranti annegati nel mare.
Addio, Mohamed, addio, Rashida,
addio, Bashar, piccola Jalina.
Non siete persone per chi è a governare,
ma solo migranti annegati nel mare.
#Marina_Corti #Bruno_Podestà #migrations #naufrage #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #Cutro #mourir_aux_frontières #mourir_en_mer #Méditerranée #mer_Méditerranée #26_février_2023
Nigerian students who fled war in Ukraine are being told to leave Europe
Overseas students in Ukraine were granted a two-year stay in the EU when Russia invaded. Now their time is running out
Olabisi* was out to get groceries during her post-graduate clinical rotations at the Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University in western Ukraine on the morning of 24 February 2022 when she heard loud bangs. Then came breaking news alerts: Russia was invading Ukraine. She rushed home to pack a few belongings.
“In the course of moving, I lost my certificates and even my passport,” she said.
She headed towards the border between Ukraine and Romania with hundreds of thousands of others. Thankfully, with her Ukrainian ID card, she was allowed passage. From Romania, she travelled by train to the Netherlands, along with other students whose lives had just been uprooted.
Olabisi chose the Netherlands because – like a number of western European countries – it had announced plans to take in people displaced from the Ukraine war, and she had heard it was cheaper and more welcoming than others.
In 2022, the European Union activated a rule called a Temporary Protection Directive, granting those fleeing war a stay for up to two years – until March 4, 2024. In mid 2023, the Netherlands decided that non-Ukrainian citizens or “third world nationals with temporary residence” must leave a year earlier than previously announced. They – most of them students – brought a collective case against the Dutch government insisting that they be allowed to stay the allotted time. The Council of State, the Netherlands’ highest administrative court, agreed.
But now time is running out for Olabisi and those like her. Roughly 2,200 people from different nationalities are said to be affected. (Students interviewed for this story say they prefer their luck in Europe over the option of returning to Nigeria, where they consider the academic system sub-par and prone to interruptions.)
Olabisi is one of an estimated 4,000 Nigerian students who had been studying in Ukraine before the war. The eastern European country had attracted African students, particularly medical students, partly due to the relatively low costs of studying and partly as a product of student exchange programmes dating back to the former Soviet Union’s investment in African countries.
Olabisi and other students say that, to make matters worse, the Nigerian government has not adequately intervened via its embassies to help them.
They say Nigeria has left them in limbo, just as it did with the 1,625 Nigerian students in Ukraine who were finally evacuated to Nigeria in July 2022, four and a half months after the war broke out.
Nigerian diplomats missing in action, in Europe?
The Nigerian mission in the Netherlands disputes this. Eniola Ajayi, Nigeria’s ambassador to The Hague, told openDemocracy: “All the reprieve that students got in the Netherlands was due to my efforts… I have helped them as much as is possible within my capacity. This is the truth.”
The embassy claimed the mission housed some “families at the Guest Chalet of [Ajayi’s] Residence until they were able to get alternative accommodation” and cash assistance was given to others. The embassy also mentioned the case of a depressed student who was sent back to Nigeria for medical treatment.
The mission said it had given Nigerian nationals ample notice of the Dutch government’s intentions. To stay beyond the March 2024 deadline, the Dutch government has advised students to either seek asylum if they could prove their lives would be at risk back home, or accept an independent offer of 5,000 euros to return there.
Olabisi does not qualify for asylum as her life is not at risk in Nigeria but she doesn’t want to return to the country she left since she was 17. Now 30, she cannot imagine rebuilding her life again, especially as Nigeria experiences a steep economic decline.
Nigerian government, still missing in action
While the Nigerian government backs the return of students who are currently abroad, there is no safety net for those who do so, the students claim.
Wasiu Sidiq, 21, was studying at Lviv National Medical University when the war broke out and he was evacuated. When he returned to Nigeria, he attempted to continue his studies remotely – but stopped when the Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria said it would not recognise medical certificates issued for online study.
The government claimed it was providing an option for the evacuated students to continue their education in Nigerian universities instead. The Foreign Affairs Ministry published a call-out on its website asking concerned students to register towards being placed locally – but the website link never worked and no students could register.
Sidiq, frustrated, decided to return to Europe, where he headed for Lisbon and is currently working in customer services for 890 euros a month. He tried to start uni there, but does not speak Portuguese and so has been unable to.
“If I don’t go to work, I cannot eat or pay my rent,” he said. “So I don’t have the time to go to the language class. All of us are just doing that.”
Sidiq claims students have tried to contact the Nigerian embassy in Lisbon for assistance with resettlement and negotiations on residence permits.
“They have not responded to us at all,” he said. “The embassy is not working. I have to leave Portugal to go and renew my passport.”
openDemocracy approached the Nigerian embassy in Lisbon for comment. A consular assistant insisted the embassy could only respond in person, in a physical meeting. Written questions and requests for a virtual meeting were ignored. Repeated requests were also made to Aminu Tanko, head of the House Committee on Foreign Affairs and Diaspora and the Abuja office of the Nigerian in Diaspora Commission (NIDCOM). The latter promised a response that did not come.
Consular failures, according to John Osuntokun, a professor and former Nigerian ambassador to Germany, are largely due to lack of priority.
“It is a large country and there are so many issues waiting for attention and this situation is going to be the least important to them,” he said. “My advice to them will be to come home.”
Osuntokun said standard practice is for complaints from Nigeria’s foreign missions to be relayed to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs for advice.
Asked if the ministry had received any such requests from the embassy, the foreign ministry spokesperson told openDemocracy: “The ministry has not received any such complaints.”
Two years into the war and with fate hanging in the balance, experts believe there is little the embassies can offer now. “Consular services are not services that provide long-term solutions; they are supposed to provide immediate help and assistance,” said Matthew Ayibakuro, a governance adviser at the Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office in Nigeria.
▻https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/nigerian-students-who-fled-war-in-ukraine-are-being-told-to-leave-eur
#étudiants #Ukraine #guerre #guerre_en_Ukraine #réfugiés_ukrainiens #réfugiés_d'Ukraine #Nigeria #Europe #étudiants_nigérians
–--------
ajouté à ce fil de discussion:
Non-white refugees fleeing Ukraine detained in EU immigration facilities
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/954460
En Serbie, rendre invisibles les exilés
La Serbie est le dernier pays non-membre de l’Union européenne de la route des Balkans. Traversée depuis des siècles, elle l’est aujourd’hui encore par de nombreux étrangers venus de Syrie, d’Afghanistan, de Turquie, même du Maroc… Car la Serbie reste le dernier rempart de la forteresse Europe. Ce petit pays de presque 7 millions d’habitants, entouré de huit frontières dont quatre avec l’Union européenne, applique une politique migratoire orchestrée par celle-ci.
En effet, la Serbie demande son adhésion depuis plus de dix ans.
Depuis le mois de décembre, après un contexte politique tendu, ce pays de transit tente de rendre invisibles les exilés, déjà soumis aux passeurs et aux lois en matière d’asile et d’immigration. En plein cœur de l’hiver, reportage entre Belgrade et la frontière croate de l’Europe.
▻https://www.rfi.fr/fr/podcasts/grand-reportage/20240219-en-serbie-rendre-invisibles-les-exil%C3%A9s
#emprisonnement #Serbie #asile #migrations #réfugiés #Belgrade #route_des_Balkans #Balkans #squat #opération_policière #peur #sécurité #insécurité #Sid #Šid #frontières #Croatie #transit #invisibilisation #Frontex #passeurs #frontières_extérieures #externalisation #visas #camps #solidarité #camps_de_réfugiés #refoulements #push-backs #migration_circulaire #game #the_game
#audio #podcast
Je verrai toujours vos visages
Depuis 2014, en France, la Justice Restaurative propose à des personnes #victimes et auteurs d’infraction de dialoguer dans des dispositifs sécurisés, encadrés par des professionnels et des bénévoles comme Judith, Fanny ou Michel. Nassim, Issa, et Thomas, condamnés pour vols avec violence, Grégoire, Nawelle et Sabine, victimes de homejacking, de braquages et de vol à l’arraché, mais aussi Chloé, victime de viols incestueux, s’engagent tous dans des mesures de Justice Restaurative. Sur leur parcours, il y a de la #colère et de l’#espoir, des #silences et des #mots, des #alliances et des #déchirements, des prises de conscience et de la #confiance retrouvée… Et au bout du chemin, parfois, la #réparation...
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YecNA3DW334
#justice #justice_transformative #film #justice_transformatrice
Pas de la dynamite mais du tabac
Transcription intégrale, accompagné d’une introduction, du dossier contenant les interrogatoires des anarchistes en Suisse romande (parmi lesquels Jean Grave, Élisée Reclus et Jean-Louis Pindy) dans le cadre de la première opération de la police suisse contre les anarchistes. Ce livre est plus amusant qu’il n’y paraît du fait que la police et la magistrature cherchent de la dynamite et trouvent du tabac mais aussi des réponses ironiques et des moqueries des militants les plus expérimentés parmi les interrogés...
▻https://www.editions.federation-anarchiste.org
–—
Quelques citations :
« La Confédération helvétique était alors considérée comme une terre de refuge par toute l’Europe. Sa relative tolérance est particulièrement notable par l’absence presque totale de sources de police concernant des villes comme Genève avant les années 1880, ce qui indique l’application d’une vraie démarche libérale, selon laquelle aucun résidant n’était surveillé ni inquiété tant qu’il ne commettait pas un délit de droit commun. La police ne s’occupait donc pas a priori de la surveillance des exilés politiques, même s’ils professaient les idées les plus radicales. » (p.15)
« Cependant, les réfugiés en Suisse ne se sentent plus à l’abri des persécutions, et les épisodes d’expulsions se multiplient : l’un des cas les plus célèbres est celui du décret fédéral du 19 janvier 1895, qui décrète l’expulsion de 18 Italiens ’indésirables’ parmi lesquels un anarchiste très connu, #Pietro_Gori (1865-1911), et dont une grande partie échappaient aux lois spéciales du gouvernement réactionnaire de #Francesco_Crispi. A partir de cet épisode, Gori écrit la plus célèbre chanson anarchiste italienne, Addio a Lugano, dont le texte retranscrit précisément la déception des expulsés quand à la fin du mythe de la ’libre Helvétie’, en accusant la Suisse d’agir pour le compte d’autrui :
Elvezia il tuo governo schiavo di altrui si rende
di un popolo gagliardo la tradizione offende
e insulta la leggenda del tuo Guglielmo Tell. » (p.28)
#anarchisme #livre #Suisse #fédéralisme #histoire #Internationale_antiautoritaire #Saint-Imier #Addio_a_Lugano #Addio_Lugano_bella
Deux morts en moins de deux mois dans le même commissariat de Genève
Vu depuis la France, on a tendance à imaginer que la Suisse serait un havre d’apaisement, relativement épargné par les violences d’État que nous connaissons. Rien n’est plus faux, comme en témoignent ces deux affaires.
Le 3 janvier 2024 et le 22 février 2024, deux personnes ont été retrouvées mortes en cellule de #garde_à_vue dans le même commissariat de Genève, à moins de deux mois d’intervalle, alors qu’elles étaient toutes deux âgées d’une vingtaine d’années.
La première victime est présentée comme étant « en situation irrégulière » et a été retrouvée sans vie dans sa cellule du vieil Hôtel de police, situé boulevard Carl-Vogt à Genève. La seconde, née en 2003, avait été arrêtée pour un simple vol et n’est pas ressortie vivante du même commissariat.
Après chacun des deux décès, les autorités ont répondu avec les mêmes mots : « Malgré les efforts déployés tant par le personnel de la Brigade de sécurité et des audiences (BSA) que par le service mobile d’urgence-réanimation (SMUR), le médecin n’a pu que constater le décès. Le Ministère public a ouvert une enquête ». Celui-ci « indiquait alors que les premiers éléments de l’enquête accréditaient l’hypothèse d’un suicide ». La mort brutale d’une personne sous la surveillance de la police ne mérite pas simplement les « hypothèses » d’un magistrat dépendant du pouvoir.
Presque deux mois après le premier décès, comment est-il possible qu’aucun rapport d’autopsie sur la cause de la mort n’ait été établi ? Ce silence complice est peut-être la cause de ce second décès. Car non, on ne meurt pas brutalement, sans raison, à 20 ans, dans la cellule d’un commissariat.
Ce n’est d’ailleurs pas les premières affaires de ce type en Suisse. En 2017, arrêté à tort, un ressortissant gambien de 23 ans, Lamin F., avait trouvé la mort dans une cellule du centre de police de la Blécherette, à Lausanne. Le parquet Vaudois avait alors classé l’affaire. Une affaire qui s’ajoute à celles d’« Hervé, un Congolais mort en 2016 à Bex, Mike Ben Peter, un Nigérian mort en 2018 à Lausanne, et Nzoy, un Suisse d’origine sud-africaine mort en 2021 à Morges ».
La Suisse fait face récemment à une hausse des dénonciations de violences policières. Une augmentation de 120% des plaintes a été enregistrée en 2022. Sans surprise, le taux de classement sans suite est extrêmement élevé, comme en France, et seules 10% des plaintes aboutissent à une condamnation pénale. En comparaison, en 2020-2021, ce serait 8% des personnes dépositaires de l’autorité publiques mises en cause en France pour des violences volontaires qui seraient condamnées selon les chiffres de Politis.
La Suisse a d’ailleurs été épinglée par un rapport de l’ONU accablant sur le racisme et les violences policières. Le rapport du groupe de travail pour l’ONU rendu en octobre 2022 conclut ainsi que « Des garçons et des hommes d’origine africaine n’ayant pas fait l’objet d’une accusation pénale ou d’une suspicion individuelle ont signalé de façon systématique que la police renforçait les stéréotypes raciaux négatifs dans l’espace public. Le profilage racial, les contrôles de police, les fouilles invasives dans la rue, les fouilles à nu publiques, les fouilles anales, les insultes et “l’humour” raciste, la violence et une habitude d’impunité ont été décrits comme étant de routine ».
Un autre fait méconnu : les policiers suisses utilisent aussi des armes dites « non-létales », tirant des balles en caoutchouc, et ont éborgné plusieurs habitants ces dernières années, comme en France. Les LBD utilisés par les policiers français ont d’ailleurs été conçus par une firme Suisse : Brügger & Thomet.
Un rapport d’Amnesty international pointe également « l’usage disproportionnée de la force » ainsi que les pratiques violentes et discriminatoires de la police Suisse. En 2018, Mike Ben Peter, un Nigérian de 40 ans a été tué par la police suite à un plaquage ventral. Il est transporté inconscient aux urgences et décédera le lendemain.
▻https://contre-attaque.net/2024/02/25/deux-morts-en-moins-de-deux-mois-dans-le-meme-commissariat-de-geneve
Turkey’s search for gold has a massive humanitarian and environmental impact.
At least nine workers are still missing
On February 13, a massive landslide that dislodged 10 million cubic meters of earth across a 200-meter slope at the #Çöpler_Gold_Mine in the town of #İliç, in Turkey, once again raised questions over the ruling government’s lack of oversight over private business operations in the country, including in mining industry. At least nine workers are reportedly still missing at the time of writing this story as a result of the landslide. There is increasing concern among environmental experts that some 1,000 hectares of land in the area were exposed to cyanide and sulfuric acid used at the mine for the extraction.
This won’t be the first time the cyanide has leaked at the mine. In 2022, a burst cyanide-carrying pipe leaked “highly poisonous waste into the İliç Dam on the Euphrates River” — western Asia’s longest river stretching over 2,800 kilometers and flowing through Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. The company acknowledged the leak but refuted claims the leak damaged the river. The company went back to business as usual shortly after.
The Environment Ministry assured that “no contamination” was “detected for now” and that it sealed off a stream running from the pit to the Euphrates.
Environmental experts and engineers disagree. Metallurgical engineer Cemalettin Küçük, who spoke to Deutsche Well (DW) Turkish, said the chemicals in the soil has likely mixed into the Euphrates from beneath the ground, given the weight of the slide and the chemical pollution it causes to the environment in its piled form.
Similarly, in an interview with DW Turkish, Turkish Foundation for Combating Soil Erosion (TEMA) Chairman of the Board of Directors Deniz Ataç said there was no membrane protecting the soil and, therefore, no way to prevent chemicals in the slide from mixing with the soil beneath. “We are looking at an area that is 30–40 meters high, at least 1 kilometer long and not very narrow in width. That cyanide soil is in direct contact with the soil,” said Ataç.
Ilic Nature and Environment Platform, a local environmental group, said despite the Ministry’s assurances it has sealed off the river’s tributaries, the river is already contaminated. “Don’t seal off (the stream), seal off the mine,” said the group.
Meanwhile, as state institutions vowed to investigate the cause of the landslide, the main culprit — the company operating the mine site — has yet to face serious repercussions. So far, it only suspended its work for a few days.
In November 2023, the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects (TMMOB) filed a petition with a domestic court in Erzincan, “warning against demolition, sliding, and slipping risks at the mining facilities,” according to Gazete Duvar. The union filed several other similar petitions in the past.
The union challenged Anagold Mining, the company that has been operating the mine since 2010. It is owned by Denver, Colorado-based SSR Mining and by Turkey-based Calik Holding.
Despite the calls from the Union of Chambers of Turkish Engineers and Architects on the government to close the mine, as of February 19, not all of the company’s licenses were still revoked.
According to the main opposition Republic People’s Party (CHP) Deputy Chairman Deniz Yavuzyılmaz, responsible for the Ministry of Energy and Natural Resources, “although [the environmental ministry] cancelled the environmental permit and license of the company, six operating licenses given to Anagold by the Ministry of Energy were not.”
In an interview with Bloomberg, Dersim Gul, secretary-general of the union, said, “We are facing a possible environmental disaster.”
A former Anagold employee who spoke to Deutsche Welle Turkish said what happened at the mine was due to a lack of control by the state. The former employee also said it was not a landslide. “There is no such thing. It is not soil; it is leaching. In other words, there is ore in it, and it is contaminated with cyanide. At a minimum, two million cubic meters of this toxic soil have been scattered here and there. And half of it is in an uncontrolled area. Currently, there is a 99 percent chance that it will mix with groundwater through rainfall,” explained the former employee.
A traditional method used by gold-mining companies is heap leaching — a process that dissolves the gold and extracts it from its ore with the help of cyanide — a deadly chemical that can harm surrounding flora and fauna in case of a spill.
Keen to expand its mining sector, Turkey has developed a policy of inviting foreign investors and offering them special conditions to develop what it sees as a strategic economic priority. In 2000, the General Directorate of Mineral Research and Exploration (MTA) and the Ministry of Energy started mapping mineral deposits. In 2004, the government also amended the Law on Mines, granting exploration licenses to companies, reducing taxes, and allowing operations in previously protected areas. Finally, in 2010, it began converting exploration licenses into operating licenses.
According to Anagold’s website, the company proudly states the mine is “world-class,” operating the mine “safely” while “complying with Turkish and international regulations:”
The safe operation of the mine and facilities is closely monitored by the government and Anagold officers. The operations of Anagold and its contractors have always been in compliance with regulations and continues to be a Turkish business delivering at the highest standard.
In addition to the pipe spill in 2022, the mine was briefly shut down in 2020 following a cyanide leak into the Euphrates River. Then too, it went back to business shortly after paying a fine and completing a cleanup operation.
None of the previous accidents stopped the government from shutting the mine down completely. In a country that has a poor mine safety record, will the third time be a charm?
The culprits
On February 18, police detained Cengiz Demirci, Turkey director and senior vice president of operations at the SSR. Demirci was released the following day. Earlier this week, eight other Çöpler mine employees were detained as part of an ongoing investigation, and six were formally arrested.
Authorities also detained an environmental activist, Sedat Cezayirlioğlu, who has long been advocating against the mine, over his online criticism. “What else did you expect,” asked veteran journalist Özlem Gürses on her YouTube channel. “You were not expecting arrests of the actual culprits responsible for this accident, the ministries approving and handing out the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) reports, or the officials involved in alleged corruption with the mining company?”
There are bigger fish to hold accountable, said the metallurgical engineer Cemalettin Küçük in an interview with DW Turkish. He was among the experts whose findings in the 2022 report warned of potential slides as well as contaminated soil when the company sought permission to expand capacity; however, they were ignored. The investigators must question the Provincial Directorate of Environment, the Ministry of the Environment, and the former minister Murat Kurum explained Küçük.
Kurum served as the Minister for Environment and Urbanization between 2018 and 2023 and currently is the ruling Justice and Development Party’s (AKP) candidate in local elections, running as a candidate for Istanbul’s mayoral seat.
The former minister is being criticized for approving the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) report during his tenure as the Minister despite expert warnings. Kurum refuted the criticism, saying the Ministry’s responsibility is to assess the environmental impact, not the company’s expansion, which is beyond its jurisdiction.
There have been no other resignations by state officials.
The country’s worst mining disaster took place in 2014, killing more than 300 mine workers. The disaster and domestic and international outcry prompted the AKP to finally ratify the 1995 International Labor Organization’s Convention on Mine Safety. However, documents and legal changes are meaningless when they are not implemented and monitored. The incident in İliç is a testament to the latter. As one local non-governmental organization, the Center for Spatial Justice described what happened in İliç not as a “landslide,” but a result of all actors involved, from the decision-making to mining companies and public institutions, acting contrary to scientific facts.
▻https://globalvoices.org/2024/02/20/turkeys-search-for-gold-has-a-massive-humanitarian-and-environmental-i
#extractivisme #or #Turquie #mines
Egypt to create a gated high-security area in the reception of Palestinian refugees from #Gaza
The Sinai Foundation obtained information through a relevant source that indicates that the construction work currently taking place in eastern Sinai, is intended to create a high-security gated and isolated area near the borders with Gaza strip, in preparation for the reception of Palestinian refugees in the case of the mass exodus of the citizens of Gaza Strip.
The foundation interviewed two local contractors who said that local construction companies had been commissioned this construction work by Ibrahim Al-Arjani - A close businessman to the authorities - Abnaa Sinai For Construction & Building, who had been directly assigned the commission through the Egyptian Armed Forces Engineering Authority. The construction work is intended to build a gated area, surrounded by 7-meter-high walls. After the removal of the rubble of the houses of the indigenous people of Rafah, who were displaced forcibly and their houses demolished during the war against terrorism against ISIS.
The area is expected to be levelled and ready in no more than 10 days. They said this information is being circulated in closed circuits to avoid publication, noting that the work is being done under the supervision of the Egyptian Armed Forces Engineering Authority under heavy security presence.
Sinai Foundation published a report (►https://sinaifhr.org/show/333) two days ago with exclusive images showing the Egyptian authorities starting rapid construction on the border area of eastern Sinai. Additionally, this morning the Institution’s team observed the building of a cement wall of 7 meters in height starting at a point in Qoz Abo Raad village south of Rafah city, directed towards the Mediterranean Sea north, parallel to the border with Gaza Strip.
In an interview with Mr Mohannad Sabry, a researcher specialising in Sinai and Egyptian security, he said:
The construction works that started early Monday, February 12 have its eastern borders lying between a point southern of the Rafah border crossing and another southern of the Kerem Shalom border crossing, while its western borders lie between Qoz Abo Raad village and El-Masora village. Military intelligence officers are present as well as the ‘Fursan Al-Haitham’ militia that stems from the Sinai Tribal coalition headed by businessman Ibrahim Al-Arjani, near the Qoz Abo Raad area south of the city of Rafah, along with construction tools, bulldozers and local contractors.
▻https://sinaifhr.org//show/334
#Palestine #réfugiés #Egypte #Sinai #Sinaï #réfugiés_palestiniens #Ibrahim_Al-Arjani #Abnaa_Sinai_For_Construction #infrastructure #Egyptian_Armed_Forces_Engineering_Authority #murs #camps_de_réfugiés #camp_fermé #Rafah #Qoz_Abo_Raad #El-Masora #Fursan_Al-Haitham
voir aussi ce fil de discussion :
#Israël serait déjà en contact avec plusieurs pays pour y expulser les Gazaouis
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1034297
Egypt building walled enclosure in Sinai for Rafah refugees, photos suggest
Monitoring group releases evidence of work that appears intended to house Palestinians in event of Israeli assault on city
Egypt has begun building an enclosed area ringed with high concrete walls along its border with Gaza that appears intended to house Palestinians fleeing a threatened Israeli assault on the southern city of Rafah.
Photos and videos released by the Sinai Foundation for Human Rights (SFHR), a monitoring group, show workers using heavy machinery erecting concrete barriers and security towers around a strip of land on the Egyptian side of the Rafah crossing.
The videos, dated 15 February, gave little indication of authorities installing water or other infrastructure. Satellite imagery released by Planet Labs on the same day shows cleared strips of land adjacent to the Gaza border.
SFHR said on social media that the videos showed efforts to “establish an isolated area surrounded by walls on the border with the Gaza Strip, with the aim of receiving refugees in the event of a mass exodus”.
Israel’s bombardment and ground invasion of Gaza since Hamas’s 7 October attacks have displaced an estimated 1.7 million people internally, according to the UN, most of them pushed south in recent weeks, with more than a million in Rafah, vastly swelling its prewar population of 280,000.
Egyptian officials have repeatedly expressed alarm that Israel’s actions could force millions of Palestinians to attempt to flee across the border and into the Sinai, amid concern that those displaced may never be able to return. Egypt has pushed back against any suggestion, including from Israeli ministers, that Palestinians could flee into northern Sinai. The president, Abdel Fatah al-Sisi, and the foreign minister, Sameh Shoukry, rejected what they called “the forced displacement of Palestinians from their land”.
In a call late on Thursday, the US president, Joe Biden, again cautioned the Israeli prime minister, Benjamin Netanyahu, against moving forward with a military operation in Rafah without a “credible and executable plan” to protect civilians. However, Netanyahu vowed early on Friday to reject “international dictates” on a long-term resolution of Israel’s conflict with the Palestinians.
Speaking at the Munich security conference, Israel’s foreign minister, Israel Katz, said there were no plans to deport Palestinians from the Gaza Strip, and Israel would coordinate its plans for hundreds of thousands of refugees in the city of Rafah with Egypt.
When asked where the hundreds of thousands of Palestinians in the city would go, Katz suggested that once Gaza’s second city, Khan Younis, had been cleared of Hamas fighters, they could return there or to the west of the enclave.
Katz said: “We will deal [with] Rafah after we speak with Egypt about it. We’ll coordinate it, we have a peace accord with them and we will find a place which will not harm the Egyptians. We will coordinate everything and not harm their interests.”
Egyptian officials have threatened to withdraw from Egypt’s landmark 1978 peace treaty with Israel in the event of an Israeli ground assault on Rafah. Airstrikes launched on Rafah on Monday in an Israeli operation to free two hostages killed at least 67 Palestinians, health authorities said.
Egypt has extensively reinforced its border with Gaza using barbed wire and deployed 40 tanks and armoured personnel carriers to northern Sinai.
Mohannad Sabry, an expert and author on the Sinai peninsula, said: “Egypt wants to portray this construction as a contingency, ready for an influx of Palestinians if that happens, but they have also reinforced the border fence over the past month making it unbreachable unless it is blown up or opened deliberately. If we look at how every refugee or prison camp has been built in the world, it’s exactly like this. If it looks like a prison [or] refugee camp then it probably is.”
The north Sinai governor, Mohamed Abdel-Fadil Shousha, told the Saudi-owned TV news channel Al Arabiya that the border construction was intended to catalogue homes destroyed as part of the Egyptian military’s fight against jihadist militants and the decade-long operation in northern Sinai.
He added: “Egypt is prepared for all scenarios in the event that Israel carries out military operations in the Palestinian border governorate.”
Meanwhile, those with ties to the Egyptian state have profited from Palestinians desperately looking to flee. Palestinians have described paying $10,000 (£7,941) each to a network connected to the Egyptian authorities in order to leave Gaza by the Rafah crossing.
Elsewhere, a gunman killed two people on Friday at a bus stop in southern Israel, authorities said, prompting Netanyahu to warn that the entire country was a frontline in the war.
Four others were wounded in the shooting near the southern town of Kiryat Malakhi, Israeli police said.
“We have raised a national level alert,” Israel’s police chief, Kobi Shabtai, told reporters at the site. He did not provide details on the attacker.
Netanyahu said in a statement: “The murderers, who come not only from Gaza, want to kill us all. We will continue to fight until total victory, with all our might, on every front, everywhere, until we restore the security and quiet for all citizens of Israel.”
▻https://www.theguardian.com/world/2024/feb/16/egypt-building-walled-enclosure-in-sinai-for-rafah-refugees-videos-sugg
#Lina_Soualem et : « Faire exister l’humanité du peuple palestinien »
Après Leur Algérie, explorant la branche familiale paternelle, la réalisatrice Lina Soualem poursuit l’introspection du double exil qu’elle porte : l’Algérie mais aussi la Palestine. Bye bye Tibériade, son second documentaire, sort en salles mercredi 21 février. Bouleversant de tristesse mais aussi de joie, il raconte comment la lignée de femmes de sa famille maternelle, dont sa mère l’actrice Hiam Abbass, a été percutée par les violences de l’histoire.
À travers elles, c’est l’histoire du peuple palestinien qui se déploie sur plusieurs décennies, un peuple qui subit une injustice historique et qui est revenu au cœur de l’actualité de la plus sanglante des manières. La sortie de Bye Bye Tibériade survient en pleine guerre à Gaza, où Israël mène, depuis le 7 octobre 2023 et les massacres du Hamas qui ont fait 1 160 morts, une riposte militaire. Celle-ci a tué plus de 29 000 personnes, dont 70 % sont des femmes et des enfants, dans l’enclave palestinienne.
En explorant les douleurs de la mémoire familiale et collective à travers le prisme des femmes, Lina Soualem questionne aussi admirablement l’universel qui nous percute et nous rassemble : l’amour, l’exil, la famille, la terre, les racines.
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vsnwCDc1Ww
#film #Palestine #cinéma #documentaire #film_documentaire #dépossession #héroïsme #arrachement #exil #identité #droit_à_la_complexité #culture #nakba #intimité #négation #histoire_familiale #parcours_de_vie #silence #art #récits_de_vie #mémoire_collective #peur_de_la_perte #maison #douleurs_du_passé #transmission #force_féminine #vie #humour #liberté #rupture #exil_forcé #patriarcat #poésie
Il y a trente ans, Hiam a quitté le village palestinien de #Deir_Hanna, en #Galilée, où elle a grandit avec son arrière grand-mère Um Ali, sa mère Neemat, son père Said, ses sept sœurs et ses deux frères, pour poursuivre son rêve de devenir actrice, en France. Caméra en main, sa fille Lina interroge l’exil choisi de sa mère et la façon dont les #femmes de la famille, qu’elle a laissées derrière elle, ont pu influencer son imaginaire et ses choix audacieux. Lina explore le parcours de sa mère Hiam, partant de ce qu’elle est aujourd’hui - une actrice de renommée internationale - pour remonter à la source de la transmission.
Véritable tissage d’images tournées aujourd’hui, d’archives familiales, historiques et d’extraits de fictions, le film devient l’exploration de la transmission de mémoire, de lieux, de savoir-faire, de féminité, de résistance, dans la vie de #femmes_palestiniennes pour qui la dépossession est la norme et la résilience une musique quotidienne.
https://images-film-documentaire.fr/film/A69/08A7BDA47F504039AEC18DC2B9DE5A69.jpg 
https://images-film-documentaire.fr/film/2B6/64262F3A712B4F93B9C7F9692D4A22B6.jpg
¡Y échale!
No tomo té, tomo mate, mi amor
Siempre chequeo mi fútbol
Después me escondo cuando viene inmigración
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
¡Plaza triple!
No eres más «macho» por tener un uniform
Y en la cintura un pistolón (¡pow, pow, pow, pow, pow, po!)
Y yo me escondo cuando viene inmigración
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Suenan las sirenas, patearon la puerta
Creo que me vienen a buscar (escóndete, escóndete, escóndete)
Qué dirá mi gente si me ve por allá de vuelta
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Uoh-oh, sin papeles, ando sin papeles
Inmigrante ilegal en Europe
Échale
Qué no te la den
Cuidao, que el barrio está pesao
¡Corre, corre!
#sans-papiers #migrations #chanson #musique_et_politique #musique #Che_Sudaka
Viene giù il Gleno
▻https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67715&lang=it
2023 Feat. Omar Pedrini, Cristina Donà ed Enrico Bollero
«Viene giù il Gleno», la graffiante canzone...
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sbJs48B-zFA&embeds_referring_euri=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.antiwarsongs.or
Il sacco di cemento sulla schiena
pesa quanto la miseria della vita
i ferri tra le braccia di una madre
e il passo si fa rapido alle forge
ma i ferri sono corti
il cemento non fa presa.
Bastassero il lavoro e la fatica
da soli a tenere su quel muro
e intanto metti sassi e ancora sassi
continui a metter sabbia e ancora sabbia
ci vuole malta buona
per tenere su la diga
Gnirà giò ‘l Glen gnirà giò ‘l Glen
Verrà giù il Gleno verrà giù la diga
Ti svegli, è un brutto sogno, piove ancora
ha paura la tua bimba questa notte
non pensare alla minaccia oscura
all’acqua che adesso fa paura
come mille serpenti
che scendono dal muro
L’acqua continua ad uscire
e tu continua a sognare
non devi sapere figlia mia
che questa è una maledizione
è un segno dal cielo
è un segno di Dio
Ol ve giò ‘l Glen ol ve giò ‘l Glen
Viene giù il Gleno viene giù la diga
Il vento arriva all’improvviso
con un tuono sordo e disperato,
galleggia la casa dentro il fiume
Signore è venuta giù la diga
l’acqua scuote le rocce
porta via le case e le persone
Brucia anche l’acqua dentro il fuoco
scende a valle il fiume impazzito
corri forte e non ti voltare
corri forte per non vedere
e sali, sali ancora
per non morire
L’è gnìt giò ‘l Glen l’è gnìt giò ‘l Glen
È venuto giù il Gleno È venuta giù la diga
L’è gnìt giò ‘l Glen l’è gnìt giò ‘l Glen
Signore È venuta giù la diga
#Gleno #tragédie #histoire #Italie #1_décembre_1923 #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #barrage_hydroélectrique #histoire #catastrophe #Giorgio_Cordini
v. aussi :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1042754
1-12-1923 La tragedia del Gleno
▻https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67716&lang=it
[2017] Testo e musica / Lyrics and music / Paroles et musique / Sanat ja sävel : Andrea Polini
Alla...
1-12-1923 La tragedia del Gleno
Et sèntit Piero chèl chè i völ fa
Zó sóta ól Glé, chèi de Milà,
I fa öna diga sura ól nòst có,
Prègóm chè ö dé la ègnès mìa zö. [1]
Zitti bifolchi stolti e ignoranti,
Diamo valore ai nostri monti,
Siamo il futuro, la nuova età,
Noi vi doniamo la civiltà.
Notèr n’laura, n’sè mìa dutur,
N’và in miniera, n’fà i muradur,
Ma n’sa chè ö mür con póc cèmènt
èl vé zó co l’àiva, el vé zó cón niènt. [2]
Che ne sapete, voi manovali,
Scienza e opinione non sono uguali,
Non si va a naso, qui c’è un progetto,
C’è l’ingegnere, c’è l’architetto.
Piero l’ghè piö, mé ma sènte mal,
L’è n’sèma a tacé n’fónt a la àl,
La diga la sé rumpida nèl mès,
L’ha portat vià i paés zó nèl Dès. [3]
Dove rombò la morte implacabile
S’alza l’augurio di giovinezza,
Segn’ di rivincita, simbol di lotta,
Pugna perenne tra uomo e natura.
Isè ghè scrìt söl so giornàl,
I fa i poeti, i töl pèr ól cöl,
I fa i sò afàré, i fa le magagne,
Dopo la culpa l’è dè lé montagne. [4]
Desideriamo, vostra maestà,
Una chiesetta dove pregar
Per i nostri morti ed insegnar
Ai figli a piangere e non a odiar.
N’gà ché i morcc amò de sótrà,
E stó preòst èl völ pèrdunà,
Ghè n’pé piö öna ca, ghè zó piö una sésa,
E lü l’domanda i sólcc pèr la césa. [5]
Chiedete troppo, scrive l’impresa,
Voi non potete aver la pretesa
Di noi ridurre miseri e tristi
Siate sensati, non egoisti.
Zó a Dès ìa cèntvotantòtt,
I paisà, nè rèstàt òt,
Dét a la àl gh’è sichsènto morcc,
E lur è lé ché i cönta amò i sólcc. [6]
Non ci fu dolo, non ci fu offesa,
Dice il collegio della difesa,
A far cadere muri e pilastri
Fu un attentato degli anarchisti.
Có l’aria che tira èl saltèra fò
Chè la culpa l’è nòsta sè l’è gnìda zó,
él sarà bél sè stó procés
I ghè l’fa mìa a chèi dèl Dès. [7]
Zitti: la legge è uguale per tutti,
Darem giustizia ai vostri lutti.
Sei sono assolti, ma due condannati
A ben tre anni, ma due condonati.
Zitti: la legge per tutti e uguale,
E tratta il ricco come il manovale
E la condanna a nessuno fa torto,
Un dì di pena per ogni morto.
Zitti: la legge per tutti e uguale,
E tratta il ricco come il manovale
E la condanna a nessuno fa torto,
Un dì di pena -quasi- per ogni morto.
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PC_p5AtHTqo&t=52s
–—
Le 1er décembre 1923 à 6 h 30, un contrefort de l’une des voûtes se fissure et cède, entraînant la rupture des voûtes voisines. En quelques minutes, les 4 500 000 m3 du réservoir3 se déversent dans la vallée en contrebas, noyant totalement ou en partie les villages de #Bueggio, #Dezzo et #Corna_di_Darfo ainsi que la vallée jusqu’au lac d’Iseo, tuant au total 356 personnes4,2.
L’analyse du #barrage révèle que sa #rupture est due à un défaut de construction lié à l’emploi d’un #ciment de mauvaise qualité, à l’intégration dans les fondations d’un mur anti-grenade de la Première Guerre mondiale, à un mauvais ancrage des fondations dans le substrat rocheux3 et à un remplissage trop rapide du réservoir alors que le ciment n’était pas suffisamment durci et n’avait pas encore atteint sa résistance mécanique complète.
Une autre hypothèse est celle d’un attentat visant à endommager le barrage qui aurait eu des effets bien plus dévastateurs que prévu du fait de cette mauvaise construction5.
▻https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrage_du_Gleno
#Gleno #tragédie #histoire #Italie #1_décembre_1923 #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #Andrea_Polini #barrage_hydroélectrique #histoire #catastrophe
voir aussi :
▻https://seenthis.net/messages/1042729
24 de febrièr de 2022
▻https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67730&lang=it
2024 Castèls dins la luna
Tout commence avec « 24 de Febrièr de 2022 », le 24 février 2022, début...
24 de febrièr de 2022
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jcjxm2_6daQ&t=58s
Tout commence avec « 24 de Febrièr de 2022 », le 24 février 2022, début de l’invasion de l’Ukraine par la Russie. On ressent distinctement le bruit des bottes dans cette chanson, grâce à la frappe puissante de la batterie de Dimitri. Le chant joue avec les blessures de l’âme slave en occitan. “Ce jour-là, je me suis dit, s’il y avait la guerre, je n’irais pas, et pourtant mon cœur me demande de défendre la démocratie – que se passe-t-il le jour où tu te réveilles en guerre ?” explique Paulin.
–-
Al fons de ieu aquesta colèra
Que tòrna pus fòrt a cada còp
A las oras de silenci sul front.
Aquesta alba serà la darrièra
Sèm totes perduts dins aquela guèrra.
Menaçavan la mia tèrra
Dintrèri dins la lor guèrra
Auriái tan aimat
Causir l’umanitat
L’umanitat.
Ven l’alba guerrièra
Amb la claror del jorn, lo bruch del sang.
Lèu la canonada
Mossegarà dins la carn
Los umans
Camaradas fraires
Se prenètz las armas per quin combat
que siá
Nomenaretz la mòrt
Per capitani
De deman
Auriái tant aimat
Causir l’umanitat
#guerre_en_Ukraine #Ukraine #guerre #chanson #chanson_et_politique #chanson #occitan #22_février_2022
The Beaches of Lampedusa
▻https://www.antiwarsongs.org/canzone.php?id=67734&lang=it
2020
Lampedusa blues
▻https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=31MwZDC_qK0&t=113s
Voglio dire a te giornalista
che coi morti hai sempre campato
forse abbiam preso una svista
quando quel viaggio abbiamo rischiato
ma sembrava un’ottima offerta
un viaggio da bassa stagione
si pagava il prezzo di uno
e imbarcavano 4 persone
Voglio dire a te Presidente
che mantieni nani e puttane
io e mia moglie viviamo di niente
ma mio figlio piange e ha fame
Voglio dire a te porporato
che sotto la tonaca non porti niente
per un futuro quasi sperato
faccio una morte da delinquente
è successo nel posto sbagliato
ma di cristiani io non so niente
se vuoi scegliermi un posto beato
mandami in quello della mia gente
Voglio dire a te poliziotto
e te lo dico senza più fiato
voglio indietro tutti i miei soldi
che alla partenza ti ho dato
E anche a te brutto bastardo
che hai scritto questa canzone
se ne ricavi qualcosa per sbaglio
manda metà a mio fratello
#migrations #chanson #musique #musique_et_politique #El_topo
#Profilage_raciste : la #Cour_européenne_des_droits_de_l’homme rend un #arrêt de principe dans l’affaire #Wa_Baile
C’est un litige stratégique exemplaire : #Mohamed_Wa_Baile a recouru contre le contrôle de police raciste qu’il a subi devant toutes les instances suisses, jusqu’à la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme. Les juges de Strasbourg ont finalement donné raison à M. Wa Baile dans un arrêt de principe rendu aujourd’hui, constatant que la Suisse a enfreint l’interdiction de la #discrimination.
C’est un incident qui a eu lieu il y a maintenant neuf ans : le 5 février 2015 au matin, Mohamed Wa Baile est le seul à se faire contrôler par deux fonctionnaires de police parmi la foule en gare de Zurich. Les agent·e·x·s ayant reconnu qu’aucune personne Noire n’était recherchée, Wa Baile refuse de décliner son identité. Après avoir trouvé sa carte AVS dans son sac à dos, les fonctionnaires de police le laissent partir.Peu de temps après, M. Wa Baile reçoit l’ordre de payer une amende de 100 francs pour #refus_d'obtempérer aux injonctions de la police. Il décide de contester cette décision, ayant déjà subi un grand nombre de contrôles de police dégradants en public en raison de la couleur de sa peau. A travers cette procédure judiciaire, il souhaite attirer l’attention sur la problématique du profilage raciste, qui touche de nombreuses personnes en Suisse.
Soutenu par l’« #Alliance_contre_le_profilage_raciste » qui prend forme autour de son cas, Mohamed Wa Baile porte plainte et lance une procédure civile devant les tribunaux suisses. Le Tribunal fédéral n’ayant constaté aucune violation de l’interdiction de la discrimination dans cette affaire, M. Wa Baile dépose alors une requête devant la Cour européenne des droits de l’homme (CrEDH).
En 2022, la CrEDH a reconnu l’importance du ce cas en le désignant comme une « affaire à impact ». Dans son arrêt rendu aujourd’hui, la Cour a constaté à l’unanimité trois violations de la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme (CEDH). Elle estime que la Suisse a violé à deux reprises l’interdiction de la discrimination, garantie par l’article 14 CEDH combiné avec l’article 8 (droit au respect de la vie privée) : d’une part, compte tenu des circonstances concrètes du contrôle d’identité, elle constate une discrimination de M. Wa Baile sur la base de sa couleur de peau ; d’autre part, elle conclut que les tribunaux suisses n’ont pas examiné de manière effective si des motifs discriminatoires avaient joué un rôle dans le contrôle subi par le requérant. Les juges de Strasbourg estiment également que la Suisse a violé l’article 13 CEDH (droit à un recours effectif), dans la mesure où M. Wa Baile n’a pas bénéficié d’un recours effectif devant les juridictions internes.
« Cet arrêt constitue une étape importante dans la lutte contre le profilage raciste (délit de faciès) et le racisme institutionnel » déclare l’Alliance contre le profilage raciste dans son communiqué de presse. Cette décision phare a des répercussions sur la politique, le système judiciaire et la police en Suisse et dans tous les Etats ayant ratifié la Convention européenne des droits de l’homme. La Cour met la Suisse dans l’obligation de prendre des mesures efficaces et globales pour empêcher que les contrôles de police racistes se reproduisent à l’avenir.
humanrights.ch accompagne ce litige stratégique depuis son lancement, l’ayant notamment documenté dans cet article : ▻https://www.humanrights.ch/fr/litiges-strategiques/cas-traites/delit-facies
▻https://www.humanrights.ch/fr/nouvelles/profilage-raciste-cour-europeenne-droits-homme-arret-principe-affaire-wa
#CEDH #justice #racisme #police #contrôles_policiers #Suisse #profilage_racial #couleur_de_peau
I dati che raccontano la guerra ai soccorsi nell’anno nero della strage di Cutro
Nel 2023 le autorità italiane hanno classificato come operazioni di polizia e non Sar oltre mille sbarchi, per un totale di quasi 40mila persone, un quarto degli arrivi via mare. Dati inediti del Viminale descrivono la “strategia” contro le Ong e l’intento di creare l’emergenza a Lampedusa concentrando lì oltre i due terzi degli approdi.
Nell’anno della strage di Cutro (26 febbraio 2023) le autorità italiane hanno classificato come operazioni di polizia oltre 1.000 sbarchi, per un totale di quasi 40mila persone, poco più di un quarto di tutti gli arrivi via mare. Questo nonostante gli effetti funesti che la confusione tra “law enforcement” e ricerca e soccorso ha prodotto proprio in occasione del naufragio di fine febbraio dell’anno scorso a pochi metri dalle coste calabresi, quando morirono più di 90 persone, e sulla quale sta indagando la Procura di Crotone.
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/PIZYTs6xvSUD/bHJsr1335ybBTtD7nHHdfC2nJGzQage9Yr7oJT7V.png 
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/JWXmuNoHGBqj/iazAFDDzbYkt0DHjGCVfeKqrNhb3WNcekCioO9rO.png Quello degli eventi strumentalmente classificati come di natura poliziesca in luogo del soccorso, anche dopo i fatti di Cutro, è solo uno dei dati attraverso i quali si può leggere come è andata lo scorso anno nel Mediterraneo. È possibile farlo dopo aver ottenuto dati inediti dal ministero dell’Interno, che rispetto al passato ha fortemente ridotto qualità e quantità degli elementi pubblicati nel cruscotto statistico giornaliero e nella sua rielaborazione di fine anno.
Prima però partiamo dai dati noti. Nel 2023 sono sbarcate sulle coste italiane 157.651 persone (il Viminale talvolta ne riporta 157.652, ma la sostanza è identica). Il dato è il più alto dal 2017 ma inferiore al 2016, quando furono 181.436. Le prime cinque nazionalità dichiarate al momento dello sbarco, che rappresentano quasi il 50% degli arrivi, sono di cittadini della Guinea, Tunisia, Costa d’Avorio, Bangladesh, Egitto. I minori soli sono stati 17.319.
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/Jf9o2Xx6bIEp/fKX5QXC7YCcBxJiiTSc22w4Rn3Q9JR07uPxBT5pr.png 
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/Vyb711N686rA/6muoLq2JhHvQhf2dj5M1p3YImdQ42ZX8MCS31TId.png E qui veniamo ai dati che ci ha trasmesso il Viminale a seguito di un’istanza di accesso civico generalizzato. La stragrande maggioranza delle persone sbarcate è partita nel 2023 dalla Tunisia: oltre 97mila persone sulle 157mila totali. Segue a distanza la Libia, con 52mila partenze, quasi doppiata, e poi più dietro la Turchia (7.150), Algeria, Libano e finanche Cipro.
Come mostrano le elaborazioni grafiche dei dati governativi, ci sono stati mesi in cui dalla Tunisia sono sbarcate anche oltre 20mila persone. Una tendenza che ha conosciuto una brusca interruzione a partire dal mese di ottobre 2023, quando gli sbarchi in quota Tunisia, al netto delle condizioni meteo marine, sono crollati a poco meno di 1.900, attestandosi poco sotto i 5mila nei due mesi successivi.
Tradotto: l’ultimo trimestre dello scorso anno ha visto una forte diminuzione degli sbarchi provenienti dalla Tunisia, Paese con il quale Unione europea e Italia hanno stretto il “solito” accordo che prevede soldi e forniture in cambio di “contrasto ai flussi”, ovvero contrasto ai diritti umani. È lo schema libico, con le differenze del caso. Il ministro Matteo Piantedosi il 31 dicembre 2023, intervistato da La Stampa, ha rivendicato la bontà della strategia parlando di “121.883 persone” (dando l’idea di un conteggio analitico e quotidiano) “bloccate” grazie alla “collaborazione con le autorità tunisine e libiche”.
Un altro dato utilissimo per capire come “funziona” la macchina mediatica della presunta “emergenza immigrazione” è quello dei porti di sbarco. Il primo e incontrastato porto sul quale lo scorso anno è stata scaricata la stragrande maggioranza degli sbarchi è Lampedusa, con quasi 110mila arrivi (di cui “solo” 7.400 autonomi) contro i 5.500 di Augusta, Roccella Jonica, i 4.800 di Pantelleria e i 3.800 di Catania. In passato non è sempre stato così. Ma Lampedusa è troppo importante per due ragioni: dare in pasto all’opinione pubblica l’idea di una situazione esplosiva e ingestibile, bloccando i trasferimenti verso la terraferma (vedasi l’estate 2023), e contemporaneamente convogliare quanti più richiedenti asilo potenziali possibile nella macchina del trattenimento dell’hotspot.
Benché in Italia si sia convinti che a soccorrere le persone in mare siano solo le acerrime nemiche Ong, i dati, ancora una volta, confermano il loro ruolo ridotto a marginale dopo anni di campagne diffamatorie, criminalizzazione penale e vera e propria persecuzione amministrativa. Nel 2023, infatti, gli assetti delle Organizzazioni non governative hanno salvato e sbarcato in Italia neanche 9mila persone. Poco più del 5% del totale. Anche nei mesi più intensi degli arrivi la quota delle Ong è stata limitata.
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/k36x2JJ6Sodg/rfa37nssJxLe3T3YeKe3oXqLgVhQS24IPYTXcDre.png 
https://pixelfed.zoo-logique.org/storage/m/_v2/578583396227231930/7c649620b-69b6c5/sOOIhHrkXVVo/1ViWaVUOcYUgmzBb7dS64YUsbs8ZswnDht95qCgY.png Come noto, le poche navi umanitarie intervenute sono state deliberatamente indirizzate verso porti lontani. Il primo per numero di persone sbarcate è stato Brindisi (quasi 1.400 sbarcati su 9mila), ovvero 285 miglia in più rispetto al Sud-Ovest della Sicilia. Segue Lampedusa con 980, vero, ma poi ci sono Carrara (535 miglia di distanza in più dalla Sicilia), Trapani, Salerno, Bari, Civitavecchia, Ortona.
Non è facile dire quanti giorni di navigazione in più questa “strategia” brutale abbia esattamente determinato. Un esperto operatore di ricerca e soccorso in mare aiuta a fare due conti a spanne: “Le navi normalmente viaggiano a meno di dieci nodi, calcolando una velocità di sette nodi andare a Brindisi implica circa 41 ore in più rispetto ai porti più vicini del Sud della Sicilia, come ad esempio Pozzallo. E per arrivare a Pozzallo dalla cosiddetta ‘SAR 1’, a Ovest di Tripoli, partendo da una distanza dalla costa libica di circa 35 miglia, tra Zuara e Zawiya, ci vogliono circa 24 ore”.
Una recente analisi di Sos Humanity -ripresa dal Guardian a metà febbraio- ha stimato che questo modus operandi delle autorità italiane possa aver complessivamente fatto perdere alle navi delle Ong 374 giorni di operatività. Nell’anno in cui sono morte annegate ufficialmente almeno 2.500 persone e intercettate dalle milizie libiche e riportate indietro, sempre ufficialmente, quasi 17.200 (con l’ancora una volta dimostrata complicità dell’Agenzia europea Frontex). Ma sono tempi così oscuri che ostacolare le “ambulanze” è divenuto un vanto.
▻https://altreconomia.it/i-dati-che-raccontano-la-guerra-ai-soccorsi-nellanno-nero-della-strage-
#statistiques #débarquement #Italie #migrations #réfugiés #chiffres #sauvetage #ONG #SAR #search-and-rescue #Méditerranée #Lampedusa #law_enforcement #2023 #Tunisie #Libye #externalisation #accord #urgence #hotspot
#Frontex, comment sont gardées les frontières de l’Union européenne ?
L’ancien directeur #Fabrice_Leggeri a annoncé rejoindre la liste du #Rassemblement_national pour les élections européennes. L’occasion de se demander quel est le #mandat de Frontex, et quel droit régule cette agence chargée de contrôler les frontières européennes.
Fabrice Leggeri, ancien patron de Frontex, l’agence européenne chargée d’assister les États membres dans la gestion et le contrôle des frontières extérieures de l’espace Schengen, rallie le Rassemblement national ainsi que la liste de Jordan Bardella pour les #élections_européennes de juin prochain. L’occasion de revenir sur les attributions de Frontex.
L’obligation d’assistance
Créée en 2004, Frontex fête ses vingt ans cette année. Deux décennies, au cours desquelles l’agence chargée d’assister les États membres dans la gestion et le contrôle de leurs frontières, a démultiplié tant ses effectifs que son budget et s’est progressivement imposée au cœur du débat migratoire européen. Ludivine Richefeu, maîtresse de conférences en droit privé et sciences criminelles à l’université de Cergy-Pontoise, met en avant les exigences humanitaires et d’#assistance auxquelles l’organisation est soumise par le droit européen et international. “Frontex est une agence qui peut intervenir en amont, avant que les migrants soient dans le territoire européen, en apportant un soutien logistique et opérationnel aux États tiers. Par exemple en #Algérie, au #Maroc ou en #Tunisie en ce qui concerne les flux migratoires traversant les côtes maghrébines. Concrètement, le soutien se traduit par l’envoi de personnel Frontex, de #personnel_détaché des États membres ou encore de matériel. Lorsqu’une embarcation entre dans les eaux territoriales, le droit contraint l’agence à lui porter secours et à la rattacher à un port sûr. S’il y a des mineurs non accompagnés ou des femmes enceintes parmi les passagers, ils doivent obligatoirement être pris en charge. Juridiquement, le statut de réfugié est déclaratoire et n’est pas soumis à l’approbation des États membres. La personne est d’abord réfugiée en elle-même. Le #droit_international oblige les États à la prendre en charge pour ensuite examiner sa demande afin de la protéger des persécutions qu’elle risque ou subit dans son pays.”
Une agence sous le feu des critiques
Fabrice Leggeri, l’ancien directeur de Frontex entre 2015 et 2022 qui vient de rejoindre la liste du Rassemblement national pour les élections européennes, avait démissionné de son poste notamment à la suite d’accusations de refoulement illégaux de migrants. Ludivine Richefeu nous détaille cette pratique aussi appelée le "pushback" et ses origines. “Le refoulement a lieu lorsqu’une embarcation pénètre dans les eaux territoriales d’un État membre et qu’elle en est repoussée sans que les situations des passagers soient examinées et que l’assistance qui leur est due soit apportée. Des sources journalistiques et des rapports de l’#Office_Européen_Antifraude (#OLAF), nous détaillent ces pratiques. Concrètement, lorsque que l’embarcation est détectée, Frontex envoie les coordonnées aux équipes d’intervention des États membres qui repoussent le navire sous sa supervision. Pour ce faire, les équipes recourent à des menaces, à des formes coercitives et même parfois à l’usage d’armes.”
Ces pratiques illégales s’inscrivent notamment dans l’élargissement des compétences de l’agence ces dernières années, rappelle la chercheuse. “Grâce à plusieurs règlements adoptés entre 2016 et 2019, Frontex a maintenant un rôle fondamental en matière de lutte contre la criminalité transfrontière et la migration irrégulière est intégrée à cet objectif de criminalité.”
▻https://www.radiofrance.fr/franceculture/podcasts/la-question-du-jour/frontex-comment-sont-gardees-les-frontieres-de-l-union-europeenne-135792
#frontières #migrations #réfugiés #audio #podcast #externalisation #contrôles_frontaliers #push-backs #refoulements